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\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\ a,\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,02.56}{4,36}.100\approx25,688\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Ag}\approx74,312\%\\ b,Ta.thấy:2,18=\dfrac{1}{2}.4,36\\ \Rightarrow m_{hh\left(câuB\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}.m_{hh\left(câuA\right)}\\ n_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,02}{2}=0,01\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Ag}=\dfrac{2,18-0,01.56}{108}=0,015\left(mol\right)\\ 2Fe+3Cl_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2FeCl_3\\ 2Ag+Cl_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2AgCl\\ n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.n_{Fe}+\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Ag}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,01+\dfrac{1}{2}.0,015=0,0225\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{Cl_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,0225.22,4=0,504\left(l\right)\)
`2Fe + 6H_2 SO_[4(đ,n)] -> Fe_2(SO_4)_3 + 6H_2 O + 3SO_2 \uparrow`
`0,1` `0,15` `(mol)`
`2Ag + 2H_2 SO_[4(đ,n)] -> Ag_2 SO_4 + 2H_2 O + SO_2 \uparrow`
`0,2` `0,1` `(mol)`
`n_[SO_2]=[5,6]/[22,4]=0,25(mol)`
Gọi `n_[Fe]=x` ; `n_[Ag]=y`
`=>` $\left[\begin{matrix} 56x+108y=27,2\\ \dfrac{3}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{2}y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.$
`<=>` $\left[\begin{matrix} x=0,1\\ y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.$
`a)%m_[Fe]=[0,1.56]/[27,2] .100~~20,59%`
`=>%m_[Ag]~~100-20,59~~79,41%`
`b)n_[SO_2]=0,15+0,1=0,25(mol)`
`n_[NaOH]=0,5.0,8=0,4(mol)`
Ta có:`T=[0,4]/[0,25]=1,6 ->` Tạo muối `Na_2 SO_3` và `NaHSO_3`
`SO_2 + 2NaOH -> Na_2 SO_3 + H_2 O`
`SO_2 + NaOH -> NaHSO_3`
Gọi `n_[Na_2 SO_3]=x ; n_[NaHSO_3]=y`
`=>` $\left[\begin{matrix} x+y=0,25\\ 2x+y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.$
`<=>` $\left[\begin{matrix} x=0,15\\ y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.$
`=>C_[M_[Na_2 SO_3]]=[0,15]/[0,5]=0,3(M)`
`=>C_[M_[NaHSO_3]]=[0,1]/[0,5]=0,2(M)`
Lần sau chú ý dùng dấu \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}\right.\) ha, dấu \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}\right.\) có ý nghĩa là xảy ra một trong các trường hợp còn dấu \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}\right.\) có ý nghĩa là đồng thời xảy ra
Đặt \(a\) là số mol \(Fe\)
\(b\) là số mol \(Zn\)
\(=> 56a + 65b=30.7\) (1)
\(n\)\(SO2\)=13.44/22.4= 0.6
\(Fe-->Fe\)+3 +3\(e\) \(Zn-->Zn\)+2 +2\(e\) (quá trình nhường \(e\))
\(a\) \(a\) \(3a\) \(b\) \(b\) \(2b\)
\(S\)+6 +2\(e\)-->\(S\)+4 (quá trình nhận \(e\))
0.6 1.2 1.2
áp dụng bảo toàn electron ta có : \(3a + 2b=1.2\) (2)
giải (1) và (2) => \(a=0.2 ; b=0.3\)
%\(n\)\(Fe\)=(0.2/0.2+0.3)x100=40%--> %\(n\)\(Zn\)=60%
b) \(n\)\(SO\)\(2\)/\(n\)\(OH\)=0.6/0.8=0.75<1 => tạo muối \(HSO\)\(3\)
dung dịch sau phản ứng cỉ có \(NaHSO\)3
\(m\)ddspu=1.2*400=480
\(C%\)%\(NaHSO3\)= (104*0.8/480)*100= 17.3%
\(C\)\(M\)=0.8/0.4=2
\(n_{HCl}=0,3.2=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,6}{2}>\dfrac{0,25}{1}\Rightarrow HCldư\\ Đặt:n_{Al}=t\left(mol\right);n_{Fe}=r\left(mol\right)\\ \left(t,r>0\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27t+56r=8,3\\1,5t+r=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}t=0,1\\r=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right);m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\\ b,n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=0,1.133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\\ n_{Fe}=n_{FeCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddFeCl_2}=127.0,1=12,7\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddHCl}=300.1,15=345\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddsau}=8,3+345-0,25.2=352,8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,6-0,25.2=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=0,1.36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddHCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{3,65}{352,8}.100\approx1,035\%\\ C\%_{ddAlCl_3}=\dfrac{13,35}{352,8}.100\approx3,784\%\\ C\%_{ddFeCl_2}=\dfrac{12,7}{352,8}.100\approx3,6\%\)
a.\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,28}{22,4}=0,325mol\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\\n_{Zn}=y\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\left(mol\right)\) \(\rightarrow27x+65y=10,55\left(g\right)\) (1)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
x 1/2 x 3/2 x ( mol )
\(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
y y y ( mol )
\(\rightarrow\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=0,325\left(mol\right)\) (2)
\(\left(1\right);\left(2\right)\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,15\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,15.27}{10,55}.100\%=38,38\%\\\%m_{Zn}=100\%-38,38\%=61,62\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b.\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,15=0,075\\n_{ZnSO_4}=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) ( mol )
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}}=\dfrac{0,075}{0,8}=0,09M\\C_{M_{ZnSO_4}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,8}=0,125M\end{matrix}\right.\)
a, Ta có: 24nMg + 56nFe = 9,2 (g) (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
BT e, có: 2nMg + 2nFe = 2nH2 = 0,5 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,15.24}{9,2}.100\%\approx39,13\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx60,87\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, BTNT H, có: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,2}=2,5\left(M\right)\)
a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + H2SO4(l) ---> FeSO4 + H2
0,1<-------------------------------0,1
\(m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\\ n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
2Fe + 6H2SO4(đ,n) ---> Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
0,1-------------------------------------------->0,15
2Ag + 2H2SO4(đ,n) ---> Ag2SO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
0,2<----------------------------------------0,1
=> mAg = 0,2.108 = 21,6 (g)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{5,6+21,6}.100\%=20,44\%\\\%m_{Ag}=100\%-20,44\%=79,56\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) nNaOH = 0,25.1,5 = 0,375 (mol)
\(T=\dfrac{0,375}{0,25}=1,5\) => Tạo cả 2 muối
PTHH:
2NaOH + SO2 ---> Na2SO3 + H2O
0,375--->0,1875--->0,1875
Na2SO3 + SO2 + H2O ---> 2NaHSO3
0,0625<---0,0625----------->0,125
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(Na_2SO_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,1875-0,0625}{0,25}=0,48M\\C_{M\left(NaHSO_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,125}{0,25}=0,5M\end{matrix}\right.\)