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Áp dụng ĐLBTKL :
mAl + mO2 = mAl2O3
8,1 + 4,032 : 22,4 × 32 = 13,86 (g)
\(n_{O_2} = \dfrac{4,032}{22,4} = 0,18(mol)\\ n_{Al} = \dfrac{8,1}{27} = 0,3(mol)\\ 4Al + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Al_2O_3\\ \dfrac{n_{Al}}{4} = 0,075 < \dfrac{n_{O_2}}{3} = 0,06\)
Suy ra: Al dư
Bảo toàn khối lượng :
\(m = m_{Al\ dư} + m_{Al_2O_3} = m_{Al\ dư} + m_{Al\ pư} + m_{O_2}=m_{Al\ ban\ đầu} + m_{O_2} = 8,1 + 0,18.32 = 13,86(gam)\)
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right);n_{CO}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ Fe_2O_3+3CO\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Fe+3CO_2\\ V\text{ì}:\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,15}{3}\Rightarrow Fe_2O_3d\text{ư}\\ n_{Fe_2O_3\left(d\text{ư}\right)}=0,1-\dfrac{0,15}{3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2}{3}.0,15=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ m=m_{r\text{ắn}}=m_{Fe_2O_3\left(d\text{ư}\right)}+m_{Fe}=0,05.160+0,1.56=13,6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{8,1}{27}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
0,3 0,45
\(C_{M\left(H_2SO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,45}{0,3}=1,5M\\
n_{CuO}=\dfrac{40}{80}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
\(LTL:\dfrac{0,5}{1}>\dfrac{0,45}{1}\)
=> CuO dư
\(n_{CuO\left(p\text{ư}\right)}=n_{Cu}=n_{H_2}=0,45\left(mol\right)\\
m_{Cr}=\left(0,5-0,45\right).80+0,45.64=32,8g\)
a.\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2mol\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,2 0,2 0,3 ( mol )
\(m_{AlCl_3}=0,2.133,5=26,7g\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72l\)
b.\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{56}{80}=0,7mol\)
\(CuO+H_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)Cu+H_2O\)
0,7 < 0,3 ( mol )
0,3 0,3 0,3 ( mol )
\(m_X=m_{CuO\left(dư\right)}+m_{Cu}=\left[\left(0,7-0,3\right).80\right]+\left(0,3.64\right)=51,2g\)
a, PT: \(2KClO_3\underrightarrow{t^o}2KCl+3O_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{24,5}{122,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{KClO_3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,3.24,79=7,437\left(g\right)\)
b, PT: \(2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CuO\)
Ta có: \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{32}{64}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,5}{2}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\), ta được O2 dư.
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{O_2\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Cu}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\n_{CuO}=n_{Cu}=0,5\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,3-0,25=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,05.32=1,6\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{CuO}=0,5.80=40\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5.4}{27}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(0.2.........................0.2.......0.3\)
\(m_{AlCl_3}=0.2\cdot133.5=26.7\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{32}{160}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{^{t^0}}Cu+H_2O\)
\(1..........1\)
\(0.2........0.3\)
\(LTL:\dfrac{0.2}{1}< \dfrac{0.3}{1}\Rightarrow H_2dư\)
\(n_{Cu}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Cu}=0.2\cdot64=12.8\left(g\right)\)
Em xem lại đề vì chất rắn chỉ có Cu không có CuO nhé !
a) $2Na + 2H_2O \to 2NaOH + H_2$
b) $n_{Na} = \dfrac{2,3}{23} = 0,1(mol)$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{H_2} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{Na} = 0,05(mol)$
$V_{H_2} = 0,05.22,4 = 1,12(lít)$
c) $n_{CuO} = \dfrac{2,4}{80} = 0,03(mol)$
$CuO + H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} Cu + H_2O$
Ta thấy :
$n_{CuO} : 1 < n_{H_2} : 1$ nên $H_2$ dư
$n_{Cu} = n_{CuO} = 0,03(mol)$
$m_{Cu} = 0,03.64 = 1,92(gam)$
nAl = 8,1 : 27 = 0,3 (mol)
pthh : 4Al + 3O2-t--> 2Al2O3
0,3------------>0,15 (mol)
=> mAl2O3 = 0,15 . 102 = 15,3 (g)
4Al+3O2-to>2Al2O3
4\15---0,2-------0,1 mol
n Al=\(\dfrac{8,1}{27}\)=0,3 mol
n O2=\(\dfrac{4,462}{22,4}\)=0,2mol
Al dư
=>m cr=0,1.102+\(\dfrac{1}{30}\).27=103g