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\(a,2KMnO_4+16HCl_{đặc}\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2+8H_2O\\ 2Fe+3Cl_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2FeCl_3\\ Ta.có:n_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{39}{162,5}=0,24\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Fe}=n_{FeCl_3}=0,24\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,24=0,36\left(mol\right)\\ n_{K_2MnO_4}=\dfrac{2}{5}.0,36=0,144\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{16}{5}.0.36=1,152\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow a=m_{KMnO_4}=0,144.158=22,752\left(g\right)\\ b=C_{MddHCl}=\dfrac{1,152}{0,1}=11,52\left(M\right)\\ x=m_{Fe}=0,24.56=13,44\left(g\right)\\ V=V_{Cl_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,36.22,4=8,064\left(l\right) \)
\(b,n_{KCl}=n_{MnCl_2}=\dfrac{2}{5}.0,36=0,144\left(mol\right)\\ KCl+AgNO_3\rightarrow AgCl\downarrow\left(trắng\right)+KNO_3\\ MnCl_2+2AgNO_3\rightarrow2AgCl\downarrow\left(trắng\right)+Mn\left(NO_3\right)_2\\ n_{AgNO_3}=n_{AgCl}=n_{KCl}+2.n_{MnCl_2}=0,144+2.0,144=0,432\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{AgCl\downarrow\left(trắng\right)}=143,5.0,432=61,992\left(g\right)\\ m_{AgNO_3}=0,432.170=73,44\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{ddAgNO_3}=\dfrac{73,44.100}{5}=1468,8\left(g\right)\)
Câu 2 :
\(n_{FeCl_3} = \dfrac{16,25}{162,5} = 0,1(mol)\)
2Fe + 3Cl2 \(\xrightarrow{t^o}\) 2FeCl3
0,1......0,15.........0,1.................(mol)
2KMnO4 + 16HCl → 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O
0,06.............0,48...................................0,15....................(mol)
Suy ra :
m = 0,06.158 = 9,48(gam)
\(m_{HCl} = 0,48.36,5 = 17,52(gam)\)
Giải thích các bước giải:
1. khi chó khí clo vào giấy quỳ ẩm thì ngay lập tức clo tác dụng vs nc đk ánh sáng sẽ tạo thành HCL ==> quỳ chuyển đỏ vì HCl là ãit
nSO2 = 3.36/22.4 = 0.15 (mol)
2Fe + 6H2SO4(đ) => Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
0.1...............................0.05.............0.15
mFe2O3 = 21.6 - 0.1*56 = 16 (g)
nFe2O3 = 16/160 = 0.1 (mol)
Fe2O3 + 3H2SO4 => Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
0.1...................................0.1
mFe2(SO4)3 = ( 0.1 + 0.05) * 400 = 60 (g)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{58,4.15\%}{36,5}=0,24\left(mol\right)\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,24}{2}=0,12\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V1=V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,12.22,4=2,688\left(l\right)\\ x=m_{Cu}=m_{hhA}-m_{Fe}=15,68-0,12.56=8,96\left(g\right)\\ b,n_{Cu}=\dfrac{8,96}{64}=0,14\left(mol\right)\\ 2Fe+3Cl_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2FeCl_3\\ Cu+Cl_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)CuCl_2\\ n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.n_{Fe}+n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,12+0,14=0,32\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V2=V_{Cl_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,32.22,4=7,168\left(l\right)\\ y=m_{muối}=m_{AlCl_3}+m_{CuCl_2}=0,12.133,5+0,14.135=34,92\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=0,1(mol)\\ \text{Bảo toàn H}\\ n_{H_SO_2}=n_{H_2}=0,1(mol)\\ BTKL:\\ m_{hh}+m_{HCl}=m_{muối}+m_{H_2}\\ 3,28+0,1.36,5=m_{muối}+0,1.2\\ m_{muối}=6,73(g)\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,67}{27}=0,21\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,21-->0,63----->0,21--->0,315
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{H_2}=0,315.22,4=7,056\left(l\right)\\m_{AlCl_3}=0,21.133,5=28,035\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,464}{22,4}=0,11mol\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Al:x\left(mol\right)\\Fe:y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow Muối\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\\FeSO_4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}BTe:3x+2y=2n_{H_2}=0,22\\\dfrac{x}{2}\cdot342+y\cdot152=14,44\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,04mol\\y=0,05mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,04\cdot27=1,08g\\m_{Fe}=0,05\cdot56=2,8g\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3BaCl_2\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3BaSO_4\downarrow\)
0,02 0,06
\(FeSO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+FeCl_2\)
0,05 0,05
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{\downarrow}=0,06+0,05=0,11\Rightarrow m_{BaSO_4}=x=25,63g\)
$PTHH:2KMnO_4+16HCl\to 2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2\uparrow+8H_2O(1)$
$2Fe+3Cl_2\xrightarrow{t^o}2FeCl_3(2)$
$n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{47,4}{158}=0,3(mol);n_{Fe}=\dfrac{16,8}{56}=0,3(mol)$
Theo PT: $n_{Cl_2(1)}=0,75(mol)\Rightarrow n_{Cl_2(2)}=0,75(mol)$
Lập tỉ lệ: $\dfrac{n_{Cl_2(2)}}{3}>\dfrac{n_{Fe}}{2}\Rightarrow Cl_2$ dư
$\Rightarrow n_{FeCl_3}=n_{Fe}=0,3(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{FeCl_3}=0,3.162,5=48,75(g)$
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