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a) $2Al + 3Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2AlCl_3$
b) $n_{Al} = \dfrac{5,4}{27} = 0,2(mol)$
Theo PTHH : $n_{Cl_2} = \dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al} = 0,3(mol)$
$\Rightarrow V_{Cl_2} = 0,3.24,79 = 7,437(lít)$
c) $n_{AlCl_3} = n_{Al} = 0,2(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3} = 0,2.133,5 = 26,7(gam)$
Bài 1:
Na2O + H2O → 2NaOH
Bài 2:
a) 2Fe + 3Cl2 → 2FeCl3
b) Áp dụng định luật bảo toàn khối lượng ta có:
\(m_{Fe}+m_{Cl_2}=m_{FeCl_3}\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{FeCl_3}=11,2+21,3=32,5\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ 2Fe+3Cl_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2FeCl_3\\ n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,2=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_{FeCl_3}=n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ a,V_{Cl_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\ b,m_{FeCl_3}=162,5.0,2=32,5\left(g\right)\)
a, \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2Fe+3Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2FeCl_3\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Fe}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{Cl_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
b, \(n_{FeCl_3}=n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{FeCl_3}=0,2.162,5=32,5\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\a, Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ b,V\text{ì}:\dfrac{0,2}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{1}\Rightarrow Zn\text{dư}\\ \Rightarrow n_{Zn\left(p.\text{ứ}\right)}=n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b, m_{Zn\left(p.\text{ứ}\right)}=0,1.65=6,5\left(g\right)\\ n_{HCl}=0,1.2=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{HCl}=0,2.36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\\ d,m_{ZnCl_2}=136.0,1=13,6\left(g\right)\)
Cl2 + 2NaOH → NaCl + NaClO + H2O
nNaOH = \(\dfrac{44,8}{40}\)= 1,12 mol.
=> nNaCl = \(\dfrac{1,12}{2}\)= 0,56 <=> mNaCl = 0,56.58,5 = 32,76 gam
Cách 2: Áp dụng ĐLBT khối lượng => mNaCl = mCl2 + mNaOH - mNaClO- mH2 = 0,56.71 + 1,12.40 - 0,56. 74,5 - 0,56.18 = 32,76 gam
2H2+O2-to>2H2O
0,1----0,05----0,1mol
n H2=\(\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1mol\)
=>m H2O=0,1.18=1,8g
2Na+2H2O->2NaOH+H2
0,1----0,1-------0,1------0,05
n Na=\(\dfrac{3,45}{23}\)=0,15 mol
=>Na dư
=>VH2=0,05.22,4=1,12l
\(2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2H_2O\)
\(nH_2=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(mH_2O=0,1.18=1,8\left(g\right)\)
\(H_2O+2Na\rightarrow Na_2O+H_2\uparrow\)
\(nNa=\dfrac{3,45}{23}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,15}{2}\)
=> Na dư , H2O đủ
\(mH_2=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
a, PT: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,6.36,5=21,9\left(g\right)\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\)
\(PTHH:2Al+6HCl->2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,2<--0,6<----------0,2<------0,3 (mol)
\(n_{H_2\left(dktc\right)}=\dfrac{V}{22,4}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=n\cdot M=0,6\cdot\left(1+35,5\right)=21,9\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{AlCl_3}=n\cdot M=0,2\cdot\left(27+35,5\cdot3\right)=26,7\left(g\right)\)
a, PT: 2Al+6HCl→2AlCl3+3H2
Ta có: nH2=6,7222,4=0,3(mol)
Theo PT: nHCl=2nH2=0,6(mol)
⇒mHCl=0,6.36,5=21,9(g)
b, Theo PT: nAl=23nH2=0,2(mol)
⇒mAl=0,2.27=5,4(g)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5.6}{56}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+\dfrac{3}{2}Cl_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}FeCl_3\)
\(0.1.......0.15..........0.1\)
\(V_{Cl_2}=0.15\cdot22.4=3.36\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{FeCl_3}=0.1\cdot162.5=16.25\left(g\right)\)
Theo ĐLBTKL, ta có:
mNa + mCl\(_2\) = mNaCl
=> mCl\(_2\) = 5,85 - 3,2 = 2,65 ( g )
2Na+Cl2-to>2NaCl
Áp dụng định luật bảo toàn khối lg
mNa+mCl2=m NaCl
mCl2=5,85-3,2=2,65g