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\(\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{5a^2+\left(b+c\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(c+a\right)^2}{5b^2+\left(c+a\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{5c^2+\left(a+b\right)}\ge\dfrac{4}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{-20a^2+10bc+5b^2+c^2}{9\left(5a^2+\left(b+c\right)^2\right)}+\dfrac{-20b^2+10ac+5c^2+5a^2}{9\left(5b^2+\left(c+a\right)^2\right)}+\dfrac{-20c^2+10ab+5a^2+5b^2}{9\left(5c^2+\left(a+b\right)\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sum_{cyc}\dfrac{\left(c-a\right)\left(10a+5b+5c\right)-\left(a-b\right)\left(10a+5b+5c\right)}{9\left(5a^2+\left(b+c\right)^2\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sum_{cyc}\left(\dfrac{-\left(a-b\right)\left(10a+5b+5c\right)}{9\left(5a^2+\left(b+c\right)^2\right)}+\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(10b+5a+5c\right)}{9\left(5b^2+\left(a+c\right)^2\right)}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sum_{cyc}\left(\left(a-b\right)\left(\dfrac{10b+5a+5c}{9\left(5b^2+\left(a+c\right)^2\right)}-\dfrac{10a+5b+5c}{9\left(5a^2+\left(b+c\right)^2\right)}\right)\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sum_{cyc}\left(\left(a-b\right)^2\dfrac{5\left(a^2+b^2-c^2+4ab\right)}{3\left(a^2+2ac+5b^2+c^2\right)\left(5a^2+b^2+2bc+c^2\right)}\right)\ge0\)
Dau "=" khi \(a=b=c\)
Chuẩn hóa \(a+b+c=3\)
\(\dfrac{\left(2a+b+c\right)^2}{2a^2+\left(b+c\right)^2}=\dfrac{\left(a+3\right)^2}{2a^2+\left(3-a\right)^2}=\dfrac{a^2+6a+9}{3\left(a^2-2a+3\right)}=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(1+\dfrac{8a+6}{\left(a-1\right)^2+2}\right)\le\dfrac{1}{3}\left(1+\dfrac{8a+6}{2}\right)\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{3}\left(3+\dfrac{8\left(a+b+c\right)+18}{2}\right)=8\) (đpcm)
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b+a+c\right)^2}\le\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}=\dfrac{1}{4\left(a^2+ab+bc+ca\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{64}\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}\right)\)
\(\le\dfrac{1}{64}\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\right)=\dfrac{1}{64}\left(\dfrac{2}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\right)\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(P\le\dfrac{1}{64}\left(\dfrac{4}{a^2}+\dfrac{4}{b^2}+\dfrac{4}{c^2}\right)=\dfrac{1}{16}.3=\dfrac{3}{16}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Áp dụng bđt: \(\dfrac{1}{x+y}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}=\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left[\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)^2\right]\)\(\Rightarrow16P\le\dfrac{2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\dfrac{2}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\dfrac{2}{\left(a+c\right)^2}+\dfrac{2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
Áp dụng: \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+xz\left(2\right)\) với a+b=x,b+c=y,c+a=z
\(\Rightarrow16P\le\dfrac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\dfrac{4}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\dfrac{4}{\left(c+a\right)^2}\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\le4.16.\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2\)(do (1))
\(\Rightarrow16P\le\dfrac{1}{4}.16\left[\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)^2\right]=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}+\dfrac{2}{ab}+\dfrac{2}{bc}+\dfrac{2}{ca}\right)\le\dfrac{1}{4}.4.\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\right)=3\)(do(2) và \(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}=3\))
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{3}{16}\)
\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Ta chứng minh \(P\ge-\dfrac{4}{3}\) hay
\(\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{30\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}-\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{4abc}-\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{131\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{60\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\dfrac{131}{60}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{30\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc}{4abc}-\dfrac{131\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)}{60\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge0\)
\(\LeftrightarrowΣ_{cyc}\dfrac{-\left(a-b\right)^2}{30\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}+Σ_{cyc}\dfrac{\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\left(a-b\right)^2}{4abc}-Σ_{cyc}\dfrac{\dfrac{131}{2}\left(a-b\right)^2}{60\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge0\)
\(\LeftrightarrowΣ_{cyc}\left(a-b\right)^2\left(\dfrac{\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}}{4abc}-\dfrac{\dfrac{131}{2}}{60\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}-\dfrac{1}{30\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\right)\ge0\)
\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\ge\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)(đúng)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)