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Bài 2:
a) PTHH: \(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
b) Dung dịch A là dung dịch bazơ
Ta có: \(n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{3,1}{62}=0,05\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow C_{M_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,1}{1}=0,1\left(M\right)\)
c) Sửa đề: dd H2SO4 9,8%
PTHH: \(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,05\cdot98}{9,8\%}=50\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{50}{1,14}\approx43,86\left(ml\right)\)
Bài 1:
PTHH: \(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuO}=\dfrac{16}{80}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200\cdot19,6\%}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Axit còn dư
\(\Rightarrow n_{CuSO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot160}{200+16}\cdot100\%\approx14,81\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot98}{200+16}\cdot100\%\approx9,07\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200.19,6}{100.98}=0,4mol\\ CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\\ n_{CuSO_4\left(A\right)}=n_{CuO}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,4mol\\ n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{29,4}{98}=0,3mol\\ CuSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2+Na_2SO_4\\\Rightarrow\dfrac{0,4}{1}>\dfrac{0,3}{1}\Rightarrow CuSO_4.pư.không.hết\)
\(CuSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2+Na_2SO_4\)
0,3mol 0,6mol 0,3mol
\(m_{ddB}=0,4.80+200+0,6.40-29,4=226,6g\\ C_{\%Na_2SO_4\left(B\right)}=\dfrac{0,3.142}{226,6}\cdot100=18,8\%\)
\(a)n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{58,8.20}{100.98}=0,12mol\\ n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{200.5,2}{100.208}=0,05mol\\ BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+2HCl\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{0,12}{1}>\dfrac{0,05}{2}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4.dư\\ BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+2HCl\)
0,05 0,05 0,05 0,1
\(m_{BaSO_4}=0,05.233=11,65g\\ b)m_{dd}=58,8+200-11,65=247,15g\\ C_{\%HCl}=\dfrac{0,1.36,5}{247,15}\cdot100=1,48\%\\ C_{\%H_2SO_4,dư}=\dfrac{\left(0,12-0,05\right).98}{247,15}\cdot100=2,78\%\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200.19,6\%}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{29,4}{98}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
Dung dịch A gồm: CuSO4 và H2SO4 dư
\(H_2SO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
\(CuSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2+Na_2SO_4\)
Đề có cho dữ kiện gì liên quan đến dd NaOH không bạn nhỉ?
\(a,PTHH:CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\\ n_{CuSO_4}=n_{CuO}=\dfrac{8}{80}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CuSO_4}=0,1\cdot160=16\left(g\right)\\ b,n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{CuO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CT_{H_2SO_4}}=0,1\cdot98=9,8\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{9,8}{200}\cdot100\%=4,9\%\)
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{20}{160}=0,125\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
0,125 0,375 0,125 0,375
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,375.98.100}{25}=147\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,125.406}{20+147}\approx30,39\%\)
\(2NaOH + H_2SO_4 \rightarrow Na_2SO_4 + 2H_2O\)
\(m_{NaOH}= 20 .10\)%=2g \(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{2}{40}=0,05 mol\)
mH2SO4= 20 . 10% = 2g \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}= \dfrac{2}{98}= 0,02 mol\)
\(2NaOH + H_2SO_4 \rightarrow Na_2SO_4 + 2H_2O\)
Trước pư: 0,05 0,02
PƯ: 0,04 0,02 0,02
Sau pư: 0,01 0 0,02
dd sau pư gồm NaOH dư và Na2SO4
\(m_{dd sau pư}= m_{NaOH} + m_{H_2SO_4}= 20 + 20=40g\)
Ta có
C%\(NaOH\)=\(\dfrac{0,01 . 40}{40} . 100\)%=1%
C%\(Na_2SO_4\)=\(\dfrac{0,02 .142}{40} . 100\)%=7,1%
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{23,2}{232}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200.29,4}{100}:36,5\approx1,6\left(mol\right)\\ Fe_3O_4+8HCl\xrightarrow[]{}2FeCl_3+FeCl_2+4H_2O\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{1,6}{8}\Rightarrow HCl.dư\\ n_{FeCl_3}=0,1.2=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe_3O_4}=0,1mol\\ n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=1,6-\left(0,1.8\right)=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ m_{dd}=200+23,2=223,2\left(g\right)\\ C_{\%FeCl_3}=\dfrac{0,2.162,5}{223,2}\cdot100\approx14,55\%\\ C_{\%FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.127}{223,2}\cdot100\approx5,67\%\\ C_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,8.36,5}{223,2}\cdot100\approx13,08\%\)