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a, \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
b, \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=100.14,6\%=14,6\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{14,6}{36,5}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,4}{2}\), ta được HCl dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
b, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,2=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: m dd sau pư = 6,5 + 100 - 0,1.2 = 106,3 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.136}{106,3}.100\%\approx12,79\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{106,3}.100\%\approx6,87\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{7,2}{24}=0,3\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:2Mg+O_2-^{t^o}\rightarrow2MgO\) (1)
Theo đề : 0,3........0,1
Lập tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,3}{2}>\dfrac{0,1}{1}\) => Mg dư, O2 phản ứng hết
\(n_{Mg\left(pứ\right)}=2n_{O_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(Mg_{dư}+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)(2)
\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\) (3)
Khí Y là H2
Theo PT (2) : \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg\left(dư\right)}=0,3-0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
Dung dịch X là MgCl2
\(m_{ddsaupu}=0,1.24+0,2.40+75-0,1.2=85,2\left(g\right)\)
=>\(C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{\left(0,2+0,1\right).95}{85,2}.100=33,45\%\)
2) n Mg = \(\dfrac{7,2}{24}\) = 0,3 (mol)
n O2 = \(\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}\)= 0,1 (mol)
Mg + 1/2O2 --to> MgO
0,2 <--- 0,1 --------> 0,2
n Mg dư = 0,3 - 0,2 = 0,1 (mol)
n MgO = 0,2 (mol)
MgO + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2O
0,2 ------> 0,4 (mol)
Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
0,1 --> 0,2 ------- --------> 0,1 (mol)
V H2 = 0,1 . 22,4 = 2,24 (lít)
m Ct=\(\dfrac{100.29,2\%}{100\%}\)=92,2g
m HCl = \(\dfrac{29,2}{36,5}\) = 0,8 (mol) > 0,6 (mol) Pứ hết cho ra MgCl2
m dd = m MgO + m Mg + m HCl dd - m H2
= 0,2.40 + 0,1.24 + 100 - 0,1.2 = 110,2 (g)
\(C\%=\dfrac{0,3.95}{110,2}.100\%=25,86\%\)
2) n Mg = \(\dfrac{7,2}{24}\) = 0,3 (mol)
n O2 = \(\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}\)= 0,1 (mol)
Mg + 1/2O2 --to> MgO
0,2 <--- 0,1 --------> 0,2
n Mg dư = 0,3 - 0,2 = 0,1 (mol)
n MgO = 0,2 (mol)
MgO + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2O
0,2 ------> 0,4 (mol)
Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
0,1 --> 0,2 ------- --------> 0,1 (mol)
V H2 = 0,1 . 22,4 = 2,24 (lít)
m Ct=\(\dfrac{100.29,2\%}{100\%}\)
m HCl = \(\dfrac{29,2}{36,5}\) = 0,8 (mol) > 0,6 (mol) Pứ hết cho ra MgCl2
m dd = m MgO + m Mg + m HCl dd - m H2
= 0,2.40 + 0,1.24 + 100 - 0,1.2 = 110,2 (g)
\(C\%=\dfrac{0,3.95}{110,2}.100\%=25,86\%\)
\(a) CuO + 2HCl \to CuCl_2 + H_2O\\ b) n_{CuO} = \dfrac{4,8}{80} = 0,06(mol) ; n_{HCl} = \dfrac{100.3,65\%}{36,5} = 0,1(mol)\\ \dfrac{n_{CuO}}{1}= 0,06 > \dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2} = 0,05 \to CuO\ dư\\ n_{CuCl_2} = n_{CuO\ pư} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl} = 0,05(mol)\\ m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 0,05.80 + 100 = 104(gam)\\ C\%_{CuCl_2} = \dfrac{0,05.135}{104}.100\% = 6,49\%\)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{8}{80}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{ct}=\dfrac{24,5.160}{100}=39,2\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{39,2}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O|\)
1 1 1 1
0,1 0,4 0,1
Lập tỉ số so sánh : \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,4}{1}\)
⇒ CuO phản ứng hết , H2SO4 dư
⇒ Tính toán dựa vào số mol của CuO
\(n_{CuSO4}=\dfrac{0,1.1}{1}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{CuSO4}=0,1.160=16\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H2SO4\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,1=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{H2SO4\left(dư\right)}=0,3.98=29,4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=8+160=168\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{CuSO4}=\dfrac{16.100}{168}=9,52\)0/0
\(C_{H2SO4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{29,4.100}{168}=17,5\)0/0
Chúc bạn học tốt
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{8}{80}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=24,5\%.160=39,2\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{39,2}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + H2O
Mol: 0,1 0,1 0,1
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.160.100\%}{168}=9,5\%\)
\(\%m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(0,4-0,1\right).98.100\%}{168}=17,5\%\)
a, \(MgO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O\)
b, Ta có: \(m_{H_2SO_4}=200.9,8\%=19,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{19,6}{98}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{MgO}=n_{MgSO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{MgO}=0,2.40=8\left(g\right)\)
c, Ta có: m dd sau pư = 8 + 200 = 208 (g)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,2.120}{208}.100\%\approx11,54\%\)
a) \(Pt:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
b) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2mol\)
\(Theopt:n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,3mol\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72lít\)
c) \(Theopt:n_{HCl}=3n_{Al}=0,6mol\)
\(\Rightarrow C_Mdd_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,2}=3M\)
a, \(KOH+HCl\rightarrow KCl+H_2O\)
b, \(n_{KOH}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{KCl}=n_{KOH}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{KCl}=0,2.74,5=14,9\left(g\right)\)
c, \(n_{HCl}=n_{KOH}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,2.36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{7,3}{40\%}=18,25\left(g\right)\)
`a) PTPƯ: CuO + H_2 SO_4 -> CuSO_4 + H_2 O`
`b) n_[CuO] = [ 1,6 ] / 80 = 0,02 (mol)`
`n_[H_2 SO_4] = [ 20 / 100 . 100 ] / 98 = 10 / 49 (mol)`
Ta có: `[ 0,02 ] / 1 < [ 10 / 49 ] / 1`
`-> CuO` hết ; `H_2 SO_4` dư
Theo `PTPƯ` có : `n_[H_2 SO_4\text{ p/ư}] = n_[CuO] = n_[CuSO_4] = 0,02 (mol)`
`@ C%_[H_2 SO_4\text{ dư}] = [ 10 / 49 - 0,02 ] / [ 1,6 + 100 ] . 100 ~~ 0,2 %`
`@ C%_[CuSO_4] = [ 0,02 ] / [ 1,6 + 100 ] . 100 ~~ 0,02 %`