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\(CO_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+H_2O\)
0,07 0,14 0,07 0,07
\(nCO_2=\dfrac{1,568}{22,4}=0,07\left(mol\right)\)
\(nNaOH=\dfrac{6,4}{23+17}=0,16\left(mol\right)\)
LTL : \(\dfrac{0,07}{1}< \dfrac{0,16}{2}\)
=> NaOH dư , CO2 đủ
\(nNaOH_{\left(dư\right)}=0,16-0,14=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(mNaOH_{\left(dư\right)}=0,02.40=0,8\left(g\right)\)
$a) CH_4 + 2O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} CO_2 + 2H_2O$
b) $n_{CH_4} = \dfrac{3,92}{22,4} = 0,175(mol)$
$n_{O_2} = \dfrac{3,84}{32} = 0,12(mol)$
Ta thấy : $n_{CH_4} : 1 > n_{O_2} : 2$ nên $CH_4$ dư
$n_{CH_4\ pư} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{O_2} = 0,06(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{CH_4\ dư} = (0,175 - 0,06).16 = 1,84(gam)$
c) $2NaOH + CO_2 \to Na_2CO_3 + H_2O$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{Na_2CO_3} = n_{CO_2} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{CH_4} = 0,06(mol)$
$m_{Na_2CO_3} = 0,06.106 = 6,36(gam)$
$n_{Ba} = n_{Ba(OH)_2} = 0,12(mol)$
$n_{H_2} = \dfrac{1,12}{22,4} = 0,05(mol)$
Gọi $n_{Na} = a ; n_O = b$
Ta có :
$23a + 16b + 0,12.137 = 21,1$
Bảo toàn electron : $a + 0,12.2 = 2b + 0,05.2$
Suy ra $a = \dfrac{177}{1550} ; b = \dfrac{197}{1550}$
Suy ra $m_{NaOH} = \dfrac{177}{1550}.40 = 4,57(gam)$
a) PTHH: NaOH + Al + H2O -> NaAlO2 + 3/2 H2
b) nH2= 0,6(mol)
-> nAl=0,4(mol) => mAl=0,4.27=10,8(g)
c) nAl=0,18((mol); nNaOH=0,2(mol)
PTHH: 0,18/1 < 0,2/1
=> Al hết, NaOH dư, tính theo nAl.
-> nH2= 3/2. 0,18=0,27(mol)
=>V(H2,đktc)=0,27.22,4= 6,048(l)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13.44}{22.4}=0.6\left(mol\right)\)
\(2NaOH+2Al+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaAlO_2+3H_2\)
\(...........0.4.........................0.6\)
\(m_{Al}=0.4\cdot27=10.8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{4.86}{27}=0.18\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{8}{40}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(2NaOH+2Al+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaAlO_2+3H_2\)
\(2.................2\)
\(0.2...............0.18\)
\(LTL:\dfrac{0.2}{2}>\dfrac{0.18}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow NaOHdư\)
\(n_{H_2}=0.18\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}=0.27\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.27\cdot22.4=6.048\left(l\right)\)
a, Ta có pt pư
\(Fe+H_2SO_4-->FeSO_4+H_2\)
Ta có
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{19,6}{98}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(H_2SO_4\) dư
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,15\cdot98=14,7\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dư\left(H_2SO_4\right)}=19,6-14,7=4,9\left(g\right)\)
b,
Ta có
\(m_{Fe}=0,15\cdot56=8,4\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{2,4\cdot10^{23}}{6\cdot10^{23}}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Ca}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{4}{40}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Ca+2H_2O->Ca\left(OH\right)_2+H_2\)
tỉ lệ 1 : 2 : 1 ; 1
n(mol) 0,1----->0,2--------->0,1--------->0,1
\(\dfrac{n_{Ca}}{1}< \dfrac{n_{H_2O}}{2}\left(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,4}{2}\right)\)
`=>` `Ca` hết, `H_2 O` dư, tính theo `Ca`
\(n_{H_2O\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,2=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2O\left(dư\right)}=n\cdot M=0,2\cdot18=3,6\left(g\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(dktc\right)}=n\cdot22,4=0,1\cdot22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\\ m_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=n\cdot M=0,1\cdot74=7,4\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Ca}=\dfrac{4}{40}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{2,4.10^{23}}{6.10^{23}}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(Ca+2H_2O\rightarrow Ca\left(OH\right)_2+H_2\)
trc p/u: 0,1 0,4
p/u: 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1
sau p/u: 0 0,2 0,1 0,1
-----> sau p/u : H2O dư
\(a,m_{H_2Odư}=0,2.18=3,6\left(g\right)\)
\(b,V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
\(c,m_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}0,1.74=7,4\left(g\right)\)
a)
Gọi số mol Fe, Mg, Al là a, b,c (mol)
=> 56a + 24b + 27c = 6,4 (1)
nHCl = 0,5.1,6 = 0,8 (mol)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
a--->2a-------------->a
Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
b----->2b------------->b
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
c-->3c---------------->1,5c
=>nHCl(pư)=2a+2b+3c= \(\dfrac{56a}{28}+\dfrac{24b}{12}+\dfrac{27c}{9}< \dfrac{56a+24b+27c}{9}=\dfrac{6,4}{9}< 0,8\)
=> A tan hết
b)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{18,4}{80}=0,23\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + H2 --to--> Cu + H2O
0,23->0,23
=> a + b + 1,5c = 0,23 (2)
\(m_{Al}=\dfrac{6,4.33,75}{100}=2,16\left(g\right)\)
=> \(c=\dfrac{2,16}{27}=0,08\left(mol\right)\) (3)
(1)(2)(3) => a = 0,05 (mol); b = 0,06 (mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=2,16\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,05.56=2,8\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=0,06.24=1,44\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Câu 3:
c, Từ phần trên, có nH2 = nFe = 0,1 (mol)
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{3}\), ta được Fe2O3 dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{15}\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=\dfrac{1}{15}.56=\dfrac{56}{15}\left(g\right)\)
a) \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: `Fe + 2HCl -> FeCl_2 + H_2`
0,1-->0,2----->0,1------>0,1
`=> m_{FeCl_2} = 0,1.127 = 12,7 (g)`
b) `V_{H_2} = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24 (l)`
c) `n_{Fe_2O_3} = (16)/(160) = 0,1 (mol)`
PTHH: \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(0,1>\dfrac{0,1}{3}\Rightarrow\) Fe2O3
Theo PT: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2}{3}.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{15}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=\dfrac{1}{15}.56=\dfrac{56}{15}\left(g\right)\)
B1 sửa 4,69 gam -> 4,6 gam
\(B1\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,479}{24,79}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ 2R+2H_2O\rightarrow2ROH+H_2\\ n_R=2.n_{H_2}=2.0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ M_R=\dfrac{4,6}{0,2}=23\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)
=> R(I) là Natri (Na=23)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{1,568}{22,4}=0,07\left(mol\right)\\ n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{6,4}{40}=0,16\left(mol\right)\)
\(T=\dfrac{n_{NaOH}}{n_{CO_2}}=\dfrac{0,16}{0,7}\approx2,2\rightarrow\) Tạo muối trung hoà
PTHH: 2NaOH + CO2 ---> Na2CO3 + H2O
LTL: \(\dfrac{0,16}{2}>0,07\rightarrow\) NaOH dư
Theo pthh: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaOH\left(pư\right)}=2n_{CO_2}=0,07.2=0,14\left(mol\right)\\n_{Na_2CO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,07\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow m_{sau.pư}=\left(0,16-0,14\right).40+0,07.106=8,22\left(g\right)\)