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nAl= 0,5(mol)
a) PTHH: 2 Al + 6 HCl -> 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2
nHCl= 6/2 . 0,5= 1,5(mol)
=>mHCl= 1,5.36,5=54,75(mol)
=> mddHCl= (54,75.100)/18,25=300(g)
b) nH2= 3/2. 0,5=0,75(mol)
=>V(H2,đktc)=0,75.22,4=16,8(l)
c) nAlCl3= nAl= 0,5(mol) -> mAlCl3=0,5. 133,5=66,75(g)
mddAlCl3=mAl+ mddHCl - mH2= 13,5 + 300-0,75.2=312(g)
=> \(C\%ddAlCl3=\dfrac{66,75}{312}.100\approx21,394\%\)
a) $Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2$
b) $n_{Fe} = \dfrac{11,2}{56} = 0,2(mol)$
$n_{HCl} = \dfrac{200.7,3\%}{36,5} = 0,4(mol)$
$Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2$
Ta thấy : $n_{Fe} : 1 = n_{HCl} : 2$ nên phản ứng vừa đủ
$n_{H_2} = n_{Fe} = 0,2(mol)$
$V_{H_2} = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48(lít)$
c) $m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 11,2 + 200 - 0,2.2 = 210,8(gam)$
$C\%_{FeCl_2} = \dfrac{0,2.127}{210,8}.100\% = 12,05\%$
a) $CaSO_3 + 2HCl \to CaCl_2 + SO_2 + H_2O$
b)
$n_{SO_2} = n_{CaSO_3} = \dfrac{12}{120} = 0,1(mol)$
$m_{SO_2} = 0,1.64 = 6,4(gam)$
c)
$n_{HCl} = 2n_{SO_2} = 0,2(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,2.36,5}{14,6\%} = 50(gam)$
d)
$m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = m_{CaSO_3} + m_{dd\ HCl} - m_{SO_2} = 12 + 50 - 6,4 = 55,6(gam)$
$C\%_{CaCl_2} = \dfrac{0,1.111}{55,6}.100\% = 19,96\%$
Ta có: \(n_{CaSO_3}=\dfrac{12}{120}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
a. PTHH: CaSO3 + 2HCl ---> CaCl2 + H2O + SO2
b. Theo PT: \(n_{SO_2}=n_{CaSO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{SO_2}=0,1.64=6,4\left(g\right)\)
c. Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2.n_{CaSO_3}=2.0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{HCl}=0,2.36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(C_{\%_{HCl}}=\dfrac{7,3}{m_{dd_{HCl}}}.100\%=14,6\%\)
=> \(m_{dd_{HCl}}=50\left(g\right)\)
d. Ta có: \(m_{dd_{CaCl_2}}=12+50-0,1.64=55,6\left(g\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CaCl_2}=n_{SO_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{CaCl_2}=0,1.111=11,1\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C_{\%_{CaCl_2}}=\dfrac{11,1}{55,6}.100\%=19,96\%\)
\(\text{Đặt }n_{Al}=x(mol);n_{Fe}=y(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 27x+56y=13,9(1)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35(mol)\\ a,PTHH:2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2(1)\\ Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2(2)\\ b,\text{Từ 2 PT: }1,5x+y=0,35(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=0,1(mol);y=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7(g)\\ m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2(g)\)
\(c,n_{HCl(1)}=3n_{Al}=0,3(mol);n_{AlCl_3}=0,1(mol);n_{H_2(1)}=0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{HCl(1)}}=\dfrac{0,3.36,5}{14,6\%}=75(g)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,1.133,5}{2,7+75-0,15.2}.100\%=17,25\%\)
\(n_{HCl(2)}=2n_{Fe}=0,4(mol);n_{FeCl_2}=n_{H_2(2)}=n_{Fe}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m{dd_{HCl(2)}}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5}{14,6\%}=100(g)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.127}{11,2+100-0,2.2}.100\%=22,92\%\)
a) 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b) Gọi số mol Al, Fe lần lượt là a,b
=> 27a + 56b = 13,9
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a----->3a--------->a------->1,5a______(mol)
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b------>2b-------->b----->b__________(mol)
=> 1,5a + b = 0,35
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1=>m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\\b=0,2=>m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) nHCl = 3a + 2b = 0,7 (mol)
=> mHCl = 0,7.36,5 = 25,55(g)
=> \(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{25,55.100}{14,6}=175\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd\left(saupu\right)}=13,9+175-2.0,35=188,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{AlCl_3}=0,1.133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\\m_{FeCl_2}=0,2.127=25,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%\left(AlCl_3\right)=\dfrac{13,35}{188,2}.100\%=7,1\%\\C\%\left(FeCl_2\right)=\dfrac{25,4}{188,2}.100\%=13,5\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(PTHH:4Al+6HCl\rightarrow2Al_2Cl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
\(n_{Al}=\frac{3,78}{27}=0,14\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=\frac{3}{4}n_{Al}=0,105\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,105.22,4=2,352\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\frac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\frac{3}{2}.0,14=0,21\left(mol\right)\)
\(C_{M_{ddHCl}}=\frac{0,21}{0,2}=1,05\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{Al_2Cl_3}=\frac{1}{2}n_{Al}=\frac{1}{2}.0,14=0,07\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Al_2Cl_3}=0,07.160,5=11,235\left(g\right)\)
\(a,n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ b,n_{MgCl_2}=n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ b,V_{H_2\left(25\text{đ}\text{ộ}C,1bar\right)}=0,2.24,79=4,958\left(l\right)\\ c,n_{HCl}=2.0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ m_{\text{dd}HCl}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5.100}{10}=146\left(g\right)\\ m_{\text{dd}A}=m_{Mg}+m_{\text{dd}HCl}-m_{H_2}=4,8+146-0,2.2=150,4\left(g\right)\\ d,C\%_{\text{dd}MgCl_2}=\dfrac{95.0,2}{150,4}.100\approx12,633\%\)
n Na2CO3 = 42,4 / 106 =0,4(mol)
m HCl = (91,25 .20 %) / 100%= 18,25 (g) ---> n HCl= 18,25 / 36,5 =0,5 (mol)
Na2CO3 + 2HCl ---> 2NaCl + CO2 +H2O
Vì 0,4/1 > 0,5/2 nên sau phản ứng Na2CO3 dư , HCl hết
theo pthh ta có n CO2 = 1/2 n HCl = 1/2 . 0,5 =0,25(mol)
----> VCO2 = 0,25 . 22,4 = 5,6 (l)
theo pthh ta có n NaCl = n HCl = 0,5 (mol) ---> m NaCl = 0,5 . 58,5 =29,25 (g)
theo pthh ta có n NaCO3( pứ )= 1/2 n HCl = 1/2. 0,5 = 0,25 (mol)
---> n NaCO3(dư) = 0,4 - 0,25 = 0,15 (mol)
----> m Na2CO3 (dư) = 0,15 . 106 = 15,9 (g)
mddspứ=m Na2CO3 + m HCl - m CO2= 42,4 + 91,25 - 0,25. 44
=122,65 (g)
---> C% NaCl = ( 29,25 / 122,65 ). 100= 23,84%
----> C% Na2CO3 (dư) = ( 15,9 / 122,65 ). 100=13%
nNa2CO3=0,4mol
mHCl=18,25g=>nHCl=0,5mol
PTHH: Na2CO3+2HCl=>2NaCl+CO2+H2O
0,4: 0,5 => n Na2CO3 dư theo nHCl
p/ư; 0,25<---0,25---->0,5----->0,25--->0,25
V CO2=0,25.22,4=5,6 lít
m NaCl=0,5.58,5=29,25g
theo định luật bảo toàn khối lượng :
mdd NaCl=42,4+91,25-0,25.44-0,25.18=118,15g
=> C% naCl=29,25:118,15.100=24,76%