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2.
\(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\ge16\Rightarrow a+b\ge4\)
\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2\left(a+b\right)}=\dfrac{a+b}{2}\)
Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh: \(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\ge\dfrac{6}{a+b-1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b-1\right)-12\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b-4\right)\left(a+b+3\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng với mọi \(a+b\ge4\))
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=2\)
Câu cuối:
Ta chứng minh BĐT phụ sau: với mọi x;y;z dương, ta luôn có: \(\dfrac{x^3+y^3}{x^2+y^2}\ge\dfrac{x+y}{2}\)
Thật vậy, bất đẳng thức tương đương:
\(2\left(x^3+y^3\right)\ge\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+y^3-x^2y-xy^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x+y\right)\ge0\) (đúng)
Áp dụng:
\(P\ge\dfrac{a+b}{2}+\dfrac{b+c}{2}+\dfrac{c+a}{2}=a+b+c\ge6\)
\(P_{min}=6\) khi \(a=b=c=2\)
\(x+\sqrt{4-x^2}=2+x\sqrt{4-x^2}\).
ĐKXĐ: \(-2\le x\le2\).
Đặt \(\sqrt{4-x^2}=y\ge0\). Ta có \(x^2+y^2=4\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy=4\Leftrightarrow xy=\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2-4}{2}\).
\(PT\Leftrightarrow x+y=2+xy\Leftrightarrow x+y=2+\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2-4}{2}\Leftrightarrow x+y=\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0\\x+y=2\end{matrix}\right.\).
Với x + y = 0 ta có xy = -2. Do \(y\ge0\Rightarrow x=-\sqrt{2}\left(TMĐK\right)\).
Với x + y = 2 ta có xy = 0. Do đó x = 2 (TMĐK) hoặc x = 0 (TMĐK).
Vậy,..
@Quoc Tran Anh Le CTV có cách nào zoom ảnh không ạ? Ảnh cap trên post bé quá :((
C402:
\(1+2^x=y^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2^x=\left(y-1\right)\left(y+1\right)\)
Từ đó ta suy ra \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y-1=2^a\\y+1=2^b\end{matrix}\right.\) với \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=x\\b>a\ge1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow2^b-2^a=y+1-y+1=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2^a\left(2^{b-a}-1\right)=2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2^a=2\\2^{b-a}-1=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b-a=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2^1+1=3\\x=1+2=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(3;3\right)\) là nghiệm nguyên duy nhất của phương trình.
b)Hệ phương trình tương đương:
\(\begin{array}{l} \left\{ \begin{array}{l} {\left( {xy + x} \right)^2} + 2\left( {xy + y} \right) = 3\\ xy\left( {x + 1} \right)\left( {y + 1} \right) = 1 \end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l} {\left( {xy + x} \right)^2} + 2\left( {xy + y} \right) = 3\\ \left( {xy + y} \right)\left( {xy + x} \right) = 1 \end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l} {a^2} + 2b = 3\\ ab = 1 \end{array} \right.\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l} a = 1,b = 1\\ a = - 2,b = - \dfrac{1}{2} \end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l} \left\{ \begin{array}{l} xy + x = 1\\ xy + y = 1 \end{array} \right.\\ \left\{ \begin{array}{l} xy + x = - 2\\ xy + y = - \dfrac{1}{2} \end{array} \right. \end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l} x = y = \dfrac{{ - 1 - \sqrt 5 }}{2}\\ x = y = \dfrac{{\sqrt 5 - 1}}{2} \end{array} \right. \end{array}\)
KL:
b)Hệ phương trình tương đương:
{(xy+x)2+2(xy+y)=3xy(x+1)(y+1)=1⇔{(xy+x)2+2(xy+y)=3(xy+y)(xy+x)=1⇔{a2+2b=3ab=1⇔⎡⎣a=1,b=1a=−2,b=−12⇔⎡⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢⎣{xy+x=1xy+y=1⎧⎨⎩xy+x=−2xy+y=−12⇔⎡⎢ ⎢ ⎢⎣x=y=−1−√52x=y=√5−12{(xy+x)2+2(xy+y)=3xy(x+1)(y+1)=1⇔{(xy+x)2+2(xy+y)=3(xy+y)(xy+x)=1⇔{a2+2b=3ab=1⇔[a=1,b=1a=−2,b=−12⇔[{xy+x=1xy+y=1{xy+x=−2xy+y=−12⇔[x=y=−1−52x=y=5−12
KL:
Bài 129:
ĐKXĐ: \(x^2-y+1\ge0\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4x^2-2x+y^2+y-4xy=0\left(1\right)\\x^2-x+y=\left(y-x+3\right)\sqrt{x^2-y+1}\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Từ (1) \(\Rightarrow\left(2x-y\right)^2-\left(2x-y\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-y\right)\left(2x-y-1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=2x\\y=2x-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Nếu y=2x Thay vào (2) ta được:
\(\Rightarrow x^2-x+2x=\left(2x-x+3\right)\sqrt{x^2-2x+1}\Leftrightarrow x^2+x=\left(x+3\right)\left|x-1\right|\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2+x=\left(x+3\right)\left(1-x\right)\left(x< 1\right)\left(3\right)\\x^2+x=\left(x+3\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x\ge1\right)\left(4\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Từ (3) \(\Rightarrow x^2+x=x-x^2+3-3x\Leftrightarrow2x^2+3x-3=0\) \(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2\cdot\dfrac{3}{4}x+\dfrac{9}{16}-\dfrac{9}{16}-\dfrac{3}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2=\dfrac{33}{16}\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{3+\sqrt{33}}{4}\left(L\right)\\x=\dfrac{3-\sqrt{33}}{4}\left(TM\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow y=\) \(2\cdot\left(\dfrac{3-\sqrt{33}}{4}\right)=\dfrac{3-\sqrt{33}}{2}\)
Từ (4) \(\Rightarrow x^2+x=x^2-x+3x-3\Leftrightarrow-x=-3\Leftrightarrow x=3\left(TM\right)\)\(\Rightarrow y=6\)
Nếu y=2x+1 Thay vào (2) ta được:
\(\Rightarrow x^2-x+2x+1=\left(2x+1-x+3\right)\sqrt{x^2-2x-1+1}\Leftrightarrow x^2+x+1=\left(x+4\right)\sqrt{x^2-2x}\left(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\ge2\\x\le0\end{matrix}\right.;x\ge-4\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+x+1-\left(x+4\right)\sqrt{x^2-2x}=0\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2x+2-2x\sqrt{x^2-2x}-4\sqrt{x^2-2x}=0\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x+x^2+4-2x\sqrt{x^2-2x}+4x-4\sqrt{x^2-2x}=2\Leftrightarrow\left(-\sqrt{x^2-2x}+x+2\right)^2=2\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}-\sqrt{x^2-2x}+x+2=\sqrt{2}\left(5\right)\\-\sqrt{x^2-2x}+x+2=-\sqrt{2}\left(6\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Từ (5) \(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2-2x}=x+2-\sqrt{2}\Rightarrow x^2-2x=x^2+\left(2-\sqrt{2}\right)^2-2x\left(2-\sqrt{2}\right)\Leftrightarrow2x\left(2-\sqrt{2}-2\right)=4+2-4\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow-2\sqrt{2}x=6-4\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}+2\left(TM\right)\) \(\Rightarrow y=2\left(\dfrac{-3\sqrt{2}}{2}+2\right)+1=-3\sqrt{2}+5\)
Từ (6) \(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2-2x}=x+2+\sqrt{2}\Rightarrow x^2-2x=x^2+\left(2+\sqrt{2}\right)^2+2x\left(2+\sqrt{2}\right)\Leftrightarrow2x\left(2+\sqrt{2}-2\right)=6+4\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{2}x=6+4\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}+2\left(TM\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow y=2\left(\dfrac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}+2\right)+1=3\sqrt{2}+5\)
Vậy...
Mik sorry mik làm nhầm
Nếu y=2x-1 Thay vào(2) ta được:
\(\Rightarrow x^2-x+2x-1=\left(2x-1+x+3\right)\sqrt{x^2-2x-1+1}\Leftrightarrow x^2+x-1=\left(x+2\right)\sqrt{x^2-2x}\left(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\ge2\\x\le0\end{matrix}\right.\right)\) \(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2x-2-2x\sqrt{x^2-2x}-4\sqrt{x^2-2x}=0\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x+x^2+4-2x\sqrt{x^2-2x}-4\sqrt{x^2-2x}+4x=6\Leftrightarrow\left(-\sqrt{x^2-2x}+x+2\right)^2=6\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}-\sqrt{x^2-2x}+x+2=\sqrt{6}\left(5\right)\\-\sqrt{x^2-2x}+x+2=-\sqrt{6}\left(6\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) Từ (5) \(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2-2x}=x+2-\sqrt{6}\Rightarrow x^2-2x=x^2+2x\left(2-\sqrt{6}\right)+\left(2-\sqrt{6}\right)^2\Leftrightarrow2x\left(2-\sqrt{6}-2\right)=10-4\sqrt{6}\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{5\sqrt{6}}{6}+2\left(TM\right)\) \(\Rightarrow y=2\left(\dfrac{-5\sqrt{6}}{6}+2\right)-1=-\dfrac{5\sqrt{6}}{3}+3\)
Từ (6) \(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2-2x}=x+2+\sqrt{6}\Rightarrow x^2+2x=x^2+2x\left(2+\sqrt{6}\right)+\left(2+\sqrt{6}\right)^2\Leftrightarrow2x\left(2+\sqrt{6}-2\right)=10+4\sqrt{6}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{5\sqrt{6}}{6}+2\left(TM\right)\) \(\Rightarrow y=2\left(\dfrac{5\sqrt{6}}{6}+2\right)-1=\dfrac{5\sqrt{6}}{3}+3\) Vậy...
1: ĐKXĐ: a,b>0, a\(\ne b\)
\(\Rightarrow Q=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^3+2a\sqrt{a}+b\sqrt{b}}{3\sqrt{a}\left(a\sqrt{a}+b\sqrt{b}\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{a}\right)}{\sqrt{a}\left(a-b\right)}=\dfrac{a\sqrt{a}-3a\sqrt{b}+3b\sqrt{a}-b\sqrt{b}+2a\sqrt{a}+b\sqrt{b}}{3\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(a-\sqrt{ab}+b\right)}-\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}\) \(=\dfrac{3\sqrt{a}\left(a-\sqrt{ab}+b\right)}{3\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(a-\sqrt{ab}+b\right)}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow Q\) ko phụ thuộc vào a,b Vậy...
2: Ta có \(1\ge x+y\ge2\sqrt{xy}\Rightarrow xy\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{x+y}{xy}\cdot\sqrt{x^2y^2+\dfrac{1}{16}+\dfrac{1}{16}+...+\dfrac{1}{16}}\ge\dfrac{2\sqrt{xy}}{xy}\cdot\sqrt{17}\cdot\sqrt[34]{\dfrac{x^2y^2}{16^{16}}}=\sqrt{17}\cdot\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}\cdot\sqrt[17]{\dfrac{xy}{16^8}}\) \(=\sqrt{17}\cdot\sqrt[17]{\dfrac{2^{17}}{\sqrt{x^{17}y^{17}}}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{x^2y^2}}{2^{32}}=\sqrt{17}\cdot\sqrt[17]{\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x^{15}y^{15}}\cdot2^{15}}}\ge\sqrt{17}\cdot\sqrt[17]{\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4^{15}}}\cdot2^{15}}}=\sqrt{ }17}\)
Dấu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\) Vậy...
Bài 286: Bất đẳng thức neibizt khá nổi tiếng :D
Bđt <=> \(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{2}\ge\dfrac{9}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2a+2b+2c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\ge9\) ( Có thể đơn giản hóa bất đẳng thức bằng việc đặt biến phụ )
Đặt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=b+c\\y=c+a\\z=a+b\end{matrix}\right.\) khi đó ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{y+z-x}{2}\\b=\dfrac{z+x-y}{2}\\c=\dfrac{x+y-z}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) Bất đẳng thức trở thành: \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\ge9\) ( luôn đúng theo AM-GM )
Vậy bất đẳng thức đã được chứng minh. Dấu "=" xảy ra tại a=b=c
C286.(Cách khác)
Áp dụng BĐT BSC và BĐT \(ab+bc+ca\le\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\):
\(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ca}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ca+bc}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
