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a, PT: \(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
b, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,479}{24,79}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{12}{80}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,15}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{1}\), ta được CuO dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2O}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{H_2O}=0,1.18=1,8\left(g\right)\)
c, BTKL, có: mH2 + mCuO = m chất rắn + mH2O
⇒ a = 0,1.2 + 12 - 1,8 = 10,4 (g)
a)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{22,4}{56}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,4}{1}>\dfrac{0,5}{2}\) => Fe dư, HCl hết
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
0,5----------->0,25
=> VH2 = 0,25.22,4 = 5,6 (l)
b)\(n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{13,92}{232}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe3O4 + 4H2 --to--> 3Fe + 4H2O
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,06}{1}< \dfrac{0,25}{4}\) => Fe3O4 hết, H2 dư
PTHH: Fe3O4 + 4H2 --to--> 3Fe + 4H2O
0,06-->0,24------->0,18-->0,24
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,18.56=10,08\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2O}=0,24.18=4,32\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,25-0,24\right).2=0,02\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(a,n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{8}{160}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\\ Mol:0,05\rightarrow0,15\rightarrow0,1\\ m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\\ b,V_{H_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\\ c,n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \\ PTHH:3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe_3O_4\\ LTL:\dfrac{0,1}{3}>\dfrac{0,05}{2}\Rightarrow Fe.dư\\ n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{0,05}{2}=0,025\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Fe_3O_4}=0,025.232=5,8\left(g\right)\)
nFe2O3 = 8 : 160 = 0,05 (mol)
pthh: Fe2O3 + 3H2 -t--> 2Fe + 3H2O
0,05--------0,15----->0,1 (mol)
=> VH2= 0,15 . 22,4 = 3,36 (L)
=> mFe = 0,1 . 56 = 5,6 (g)
nO2 = 1,12 : 22,4 = 0,05 (mol)
pthh : 2H2+ O2 -t-> 2H2O
LTL :
0,15/2 > 0,05/1
=> H2 du
theo pt , nH2O = 2 nO2 = 0,1 (mol)
=> mH2O = 0,1 .18 = 1,8 (g)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
a: \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{52}{65}=0.8\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n_{HCl}=1.6\left(mol\right)\)
hay \(n_{H_2}=0.8\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.8\cdot22.4=17.92\left(lít\right)\)
b: \(m_{ZnCl_2}=0.8\cdot136=108.8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2}=0.8\cdot2=1.6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{52}{65}=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ a,V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,8.22,4=17,92\left(l\right)\\ b,n_{HCl}=2.0,8=1,6\left(mol\right)\\ C1:m_{ZnCl_2}=0,8.136=108,8\left(g\right);m_{H_2}=0,8.2=1,6\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{thu.được}=m_{ZnCl_2}+m_{H_2}=108,8+1,6=110,4\left(g\right)\\ C2:m_{HCl}=1,6.36,5=58,4\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{thu.được}=m_{tham.gia}=m_{Zn}+m_{HCl}=52+58,4=110,4\left(g\right)\)
a, \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{16,8}{56}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl ---to---> FeCl2 + H2
Mol: 0,3 0,6 0,3
\(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=0,6.36,5=21,9\left(g\right)\)
b, \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{32}{80}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: H2 + CuO ---to---> Cu + H2O
Mol: 0,3 0,3
Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,3}{1}< \dfrac{0,4}{1}\) ⇒ H2 pứ hết, CuO dư
\(m_{Cu}=0,3.64=19,2\left(g\right)\)
a.b.
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2,8}{56}=0,05mol\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
0,05 0,1 0,05 ( mol )
\(V_{H_2}=0,05.22,4=1,12l\)
\(m_{HCl}=0,1.36,5=3,65g\)
c.
\(CuO+H_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)Cu+H_2O\)
0,05 0,05 ( mol )
\(m_{Cu}=0,05.64=3,2g\)
a) \(PTHH:Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
b) \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2mol\)
\(n_{HCl}=2.n_{Mg}=0,2.2=0,4mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=n.M=0,4.36,5=14,6g\)
c) \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}=0,2mol\)
Thể tích khí hidro sinh ra (ở đktc):
\(V_{H_2}=0,2.24,79=4,958l.\)
a, \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{14}{56}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{29,4}{98}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,25}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\), ta được H2SO4 dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,25\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\)
b, \(H_2+O_{\left(trongoxit\right)}\rightarrow H_2O\)
\(n_{O\left(trongoxit\right)}=n_{H_2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Có: mX giảm = mO (trong oxit) = 0,25.16 = 4 (g) = a
Câu 3:
c, Từ phần trên, có nH2 = nFe = 0,1 (mol)
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{3}\), ta được Fe2O3 dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{15}\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=\dfrac{1}{15}.56=\dfrac{56}{15}\left(g\right)\)
a) \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: `Fe + 2HCl -> FeCl_2 + H_2`
0,1-->0,2----->0,1------>0,1
`=> m_{FeCl_2} = 0,1.127 = 12,7 (g)`
b) `V_{H_2} = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24 (l)`
c) `n_{Fe_2O_3} = (16)/(160) = 0,1 (mol)`
PTHH: \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(0,1>\dfrac{0,1}{3}\Rightarrow\) Fe2O3
Theo PT: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2}{3}.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{15}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=\dfrac{1}{15}.56=\dfrac{56}{15}\left(g\right)\)
a,b, \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{6}{24}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2
0,25 0,25 0,25
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{MgCl_2}=0,25.95=23.75\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, PTHH: PbO + H2 --to--> Pb + H2O
LTL: \(0,3>0,25\rightarrow\) PbO dư
\(n_{PbO\left(pư\right)}=n_{Pb}=n_{H_2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ \rightarrow m_{chất.rắn}=\left(0,3-0,25\right).233+217.0,25=65,9\left(g\right)\)
nMg = 6 : 24 = 0,25 (mol)
pthh : Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
0,25 0,25 0,25
=> mMgCl2 = 0,25 . 95 = 23,75 (g)
=> VH2 = 0,25 . 22,4 = 5,6 (L)
pthh : PbO + H2 -t--> Pb + H2O
LTL : \(\dfrac{0,3}{1}\) > \(\dfrac{0,25}{1}\)
=> PbO dư
theo pthh : nPb = nH2 = 0,25 (mol)
=> mPb = 0,25 . 201 = 50,25 (G)