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Sửa lại câu c .
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{49.40}{100}:98=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
trc p/u : 0,3 0,2
p/u : 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2
sau : 0,1 0 0,2 0,2
-> Fe dư
\(m_{ddFeSO_4}=0,3.56+49-0,4=65,4\left(g\right)\) ( ĐLBTKL )
\(m_{FeSO_4}=0,2.152=30,4\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%=\dfrac{30,4}{65,4}.100\%\approx46,48\%\)
PTHH :
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(a,m_{Fe}=0,3.56=16,8\left(g\right)\)
\(b,C_M=\dfrac{n}{V}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5M\)
\(c,n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\dfrac{49.40}{100}}{98}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow n_{FeSO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{FeSO_4}=0,2.152=30,4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddFeSO_4}=49+\left(0,2.56\right)-0,2.2=59,8\left(g\right)\)( định luật bảo toàn khối lượng )
\(C\%=\dfrac{30,4}{59,8}.100\%\approx50,84\%\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\\ n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\\ \%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{8}.100=70\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Cu}=100\%-70\%=30\%\)
PTHH: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
Làm gộp các phần còn lại
Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1mol\\n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,3mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{H_2}=0,3\cdot22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1\cdot342=34,2\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2SO_4}=0,3\cdot98=29,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2\left(dktc\right)}=\dfrac{V}{22,4}=\dfrac{1,792}{22,4}=0,08\left(mol\right)\)
đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(PTHH:Zn+H_2SO_4->ZnSO_4+H_2\)
tỉ lệ 1 : 1 : 1 : 1
n(mol) a---->a------------>a---------->a (1)
\(PTHH:2Al+3H_2SO_4->Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
tỉ lệ 2 : 3 ; 1 : 3
n(mol) b-------->3/2b----->1/2b------------>3/2b (2)
Từ (1) và (2) ta có
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65a+27b=3,79\\a+\dfrac{3}{2}b=0,08\end{matrix}\right.=>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,05\left(mol\right)\\b=0,02\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(=>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=n\cdot M=0,05\cdot65=3,25\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=n\cdot M=0,02\cdot27=0,54\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(=>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{3,25\cdot100\%}{3,79}\approx85,75\%\\\%m_{Al}=100\%-85,75\approx14,25\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
với (1) thì
\(n_{H_2SO_4\left(1\right)}=a=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
với (2) thì
\(n_{H_2SO_4\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}b=\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot0,02=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(=>m_{H_2SO_4}=\left(0,05+0,03\right)\cdot98=7,84\left(g\right)\)
a)
Gọi số mol Fe, Al, Ag trong mỗi phần là a, b,c (mol)
=> 56a + 27b + 108c = 5,19 (1)
Phần 1:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,352}{22,4}=0,105\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + H2SO4 --> FeSO4 + H2
a----->a------------------>a
2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
b------>1,5b------------------->1,5b
=> a + 1,5b = 0,105 (2)
Phần 2:
\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{2,912}{22,4}=0,13\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
b----->3b-------------------->1,5b
2Fe + 6H2SO4 --> Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
a------>3a--------------------->1,5a
2Ag + 2H2SO4 --> Ag2SO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
c-------->c------------------>0,5c
=> 1,5a + 1,5b + 0,5c = 0,13 (3)
(1)(2)(3) => a = 0,03 (mol); b = 0,05 (mol); c = 0,02 (mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=2.0,03.56=3,36\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=2.0,05.27=2,7\left(g\right)\\m_{Ag}=2.0,02.108=4,32\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
- Phần 1:
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=a+1,5b=0,105\left(mol\right)\)
- Phần 2:
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=3a+3b+c=0,26\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi x, y lần lượt là số mol Al, Fe
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,56}{22,4}=0,025\left(mol\right)\\ Tacó:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=0,83\\1,5x+y=0,025\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,01\\y=0,01\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,27\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,56\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)\(2Fe+6H2SO4-->Fe2\left(SO4\right)3+3SO2+6H2O\)
\(n_{Fe2\left(SO4\right)3}=\frac{20}{400}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=2n_{Fe2\left(SO4\right)3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H2SO4}=6n_{Fe2\left(SO4\right)3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H2SO4}=0,3.98=29,4\left(g\right)\)
b)\(n_{SO2}=3n_{Fe2\left(SO4\right)3}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{SO2}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
Bài 2
\(2Al+H2SO4-->Al2\left(SO4\right)3+3H2\)
\(n_{H2}=\frac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Al}=\frac{2}{3}n_{H2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\)
m chất rắn là \(m_{Ag}=5,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\%m_{Ag}=\frac{5,4}{5,4+5,4}.100\%=50\%\)
\(\%m_{Al}=100-50=50\%\)