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a) Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b}{a}=\dfrac{d}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b}{a}-1=\dfrac{d}{c}-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b-a}{a}=\dfrac{d-c}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{a}=\dfrac{c-d}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{a-b}=\dfrac{c}{c-d}\)(đpcm)
a: Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)
nên \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
d: Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)
nên \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:
\(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\)
\(\dfrac{a}{b+c+d}=\dfrac{b}{a+c+d}=\dfrac{c}{a+b+d}=\dfrac{d}{a+b+c}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{b+c+d}{a}=\dfrac{a+c+d}{b}=\dfrac{a+b+d}{c}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{d}=\dfrac{3\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}=3\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b+d+c=3a\\a+c+d=3b\\a+b+d=3c\\a+b+c=3d\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c+d=4a\\a+b+c+d=4b\\a+b+c+d=4c\\a+b+c+d=4d\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow4a=4b=4c=4d\Rightarrow a=b=c=d\\ \Rightarrow P=\dfrac{a+a}{a+a}+\dfrac{a+a}{a+a}+\dfrac{a+a}{a+a}+\dfrac{a+a}{a+a}=1+1+1+1=4\)
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{d}{e}=\dfrac{2019b+2020c-2021d}{2019c+2020d-2021e}\left(1\right)\\ \text{Đặt }\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=k\Leftrightarrow a=bk;b=ck\Leftrightarrow a=ck^2\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{bc}=\dfrac{c^2k^4}{c^2k}=k^3=\left(\dfrac{a}{b}\right)^3\left(2\right)\\ \left(1\right)\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{2019b+2020c-2021d}{2019c+2020d-2021e}\right)^3=\dfrac{a^2}{bc}\)
\(\dfrac{a}{b+c+d}=\dfrac{b}{a+c+d}=\dfrac{c}{a+b+d}=\dfrac{d}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{3\left(a+b+c+d\right)}=\dfrac{1}{3}\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b+c+d=3a\\a+c+d=3b\\a+b+d=3c\\a+b+c=3d\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c+d=2a\\a+b+c+d=2b\\a+b+c+d=2c\\a+b+c+d=2d\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow2a=2b=2c=2d\\ \Rightarrow a=b=c=d\\ \Rightarrow A=\dfrac{a+a}{a+a}+\dfrac{a+a}{a+a}+\dfrac{a+a}{a+a}+\dfrac{a+a}{a+a}=1+1+1+1=4\)
4.a
\(\dfrac{3x-y}{x+y}=\dfrac{3}{4}\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(3x-y\right).4=3\left(x+y\right)\\ \Rightarrow12x-4y=3x+3y\\ \Rightarrow12x-3x=4y+3y\\ \Rightarrow9x=7y\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{7}{9}\)