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Do biểu thức đề bài và BĐT đều mang tính đối xứng, không mất tính tổng quát giả sử \(a\ge b\ge c\)
Đặt \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(b+c-a;c+a-b;a+b-c\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y>0\\z>0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta cần chứng minh \(xyz\le1\)
Nếu \(x\le0\) thì \(xyz\le0\Rightarrow xyz< 1\) BĐT hiển nhiên đúng
Nếu \(x>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\frac{y+z}{2}\\b=\frac{x+z}{2}\\c=\frac{x+y}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x+y+z=\frac{2}{x+y}+\frac{2}{y+z}+\frac{2}{z+x}\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{zx}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{xyz}\left(x+y+z\right)\le\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xyz\left(x+y+z\right)^2\le\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)^2\le3\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xyz\left(x+y+z\right)\le3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xyz.3\sqrt[3]{xyz}\le xyz\left(x+y+z\right)\le3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xyz\sqrt[3]{xyz}\le1\Leftrightarrow xyz\le1\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\) hay \(a=b=c=1\)
Có: \(VT=\frac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+b}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}{b+c}+\frac{\left(c+b\right)\left(a+b\right)}{a+c}\) (thay a+ b+c=1 vào r phân tích thành nhân tử)
Lại có: Theo Cô si \(\frac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+b}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}{b+c}\ge2\left(c+a\right)\)
Tương tự với hai BĐT còn lại và cộng theo vế được: \(2VT\ge4\Leftrightarrow VT\ge2^{\left(đpcm\right)}\)
"=" <=> a = b = c = 1/3
Đặt \(P=\frac{ab+c}{a+b}+\frac{bc+a}{b+c}+\frac{ac+b}{a+c}=\frac{ab+c\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b}+\frac{bc+a\left(a+b+c\right)}{b+c}+\frac{ac+b\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+c}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+b}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+b}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}\ge2\left(a+c\right)\)
\(\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}\ge2\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\frac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+b}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}\ge2\left(b+c\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế
\(2P\ge4\left(a+b+c\right)=4\Rightarrow P\ge2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Bài lớp 8 thật hả? :(
\(\frac{a}{a+b+1}+\frac{b}{b+c+1}+\frac{c}{c+a+1}\le1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{4-a}+\frac{b}{4-b}+\frac{c}{4-c}\le1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(4-b\right)\left(4-c\right)+b\left(4-a\right)\left(4-c\right)+c\left(4-a\right)\left(4-b\right)\le\left(4-a\right)\left(4-b\right)\left(4-c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b+ac^2+b^2c+abc\le4\) (1)
Ta cần chứng minh (1)
Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(a\le c\le b\)
\(\Rightarrow a\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b+ac^2\le a^2c+abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b+ac^2+b^2c+abc\le a^2c+abc+b^2c+abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b+ac^2+b^2c+abc\le c\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b+ac^2+b^2c+abc\le\frac{1}{2}.2c\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b\right)\le\frac{1}{2}.\frac{\left(2c+a+b+a+b\right)^3}{27}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b+ac^2+b^2c+abc\le\frac{1}{2}.\frac{8.3^3}{27}=4\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+d}+\frac{d}{d+a}=2\)
<=> \(1-\frac{a}{a+b}-\frac{b}{b+c}+1-\frac{c}{c+d}-\frac{d}{d+a}=0\)
<=>\(\frac{b}{a+b}-\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{d}{c+d}-\frac{d}{d+a}=0\)
<=>\(b.\frac{b+c-a-b}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+d.\frac{d+a-c-d}{\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)}=0\)
<=>\(\frac{b\left(c-a\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{d\left(a-c\right)}{\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)}=0\)
<=>\(\frac{b\left(c-a\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}-\frac{d\left(c-a\right)}{\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)}=0\)
<=>\(\left(c-a\right).\frac{b\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)-d\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)}=0\)
<=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}c-a=0\\b\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)-d\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)=0\end{cases}}\)
<=>\(\orbr{\begin{cases}c=a\left(KTM\right)\\abc-acd+bd^2-b^2d=0\end{cases}}\)
<=>\(\left(b-d\right)\left(ac-bd\right)=0< =>\orbr{\begin{cases}b-d=0\\ac-bd=0\end{cases}< =>\orbr{\begin{cases}b=d\left(KTM\right)\\ac=bd\end{cases}}}\)
=> \(abcd=\left(ac\right)^2\) => \(abcd\)là số chính phương ( ĐPCM)
----Tk mình nha----
~~Hk tốt~~
Bài 1:
Ta có: a + b - 2c = 0
⇒ a = 2c − b thay vào a2 + b2 + ab - 3c2 = 0 ta có:
(2c − b)2 + b2 + (2c − b).b − 3c2 = 0
⇔ 4c2 − 4bc + b2 + b2 + 2bc − b2 − 3c2 = 0
⇔ b2 − 2bc + c2 = 0
⇔ (b − c)2 = 0
⇔ b − c = 0
⇔ b = c
⇒ a + c − 2c = 0
⇔ a − c = 0
⇔ a = c
⇒ a = b = c
Vậy a = b = c
\(P=\left(b+c+d\right)\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{d}\right)=1+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{b}{d}+\frac{c}{b}+1+\frac{c}{d}+\frac{d}{b}+\frac{d}{c}+1\)
\(=3+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{b}{d}+\frac{c}{d}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{d}{b}+\frac{d}{c}\)
Mặt khác do \(b\le c\le d\Rightarrow\left(d-c\right)\left(c-b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cd-bd-c^2+bc\ge0\Leftrightarrow bc+cd\ge c^2+bd\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{bc+cd}{cd}\ge\frac{c^2+bd}{cd}\Leftrightarrow\frac{b}{d}+1\ge\frac{c}{d}+\frac{b}{c}\)
\(\frac{bc+cd}{bc}\ge\frac{c^2+bd}{bc}\Leftrightarrow\frac{d}{b}+1\ge\frac{c}{b}+\frac{d}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{b}{d}+\frac{d}{b}+2\ge\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{d}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{d}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(\frac{b}{d}+\frac{d}{b}\right)+2\ge\frac{b}{c}+\frac{b}{d}+\frac{c}{d}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{d}{b}+\frac{d}{c}=P\)
Mà \(a\le b\le d\le2a\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{1}{2}\le\frac{b}{d}\le1\\1\le\frac{d}{b}\le2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{b}{d}-1\right)\left(\frac{d}{b}-2\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow1-2\frac{b}{d}-\frac{d}{b}+2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{b}{d}+\frac{d}{b}\le3-\frac{b}{d}\le3-\frac{1}{2}=\frac{5}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le2.\frac{5}{2}+2=7\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=c=a\\d=2a\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\frac{a-b}{b+c}+\frac{b-c}{c+d}+\frac{c-d}{a+d}\ge\frac{a-d}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a-b}{b+c}+\frac{b-c}{c+d}+\frac{c-d}{a+d}-\frac{a-d}{a+b}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a-b}{b+c}+\frac{b-c}{c+d}+\frac{c-d}{a+d}+\frac{d-a}{a+b}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a-b}{b+c}+1\right)+\left(\frac{b-c}{c+d}+1\right)+\left(\frac{c-d}{a+d}+1\right)+\left(\frac{d-a}{a+b}+1\right)\ge4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+c}{b+c}+\frac{b+d}{c+d}+\frac{c+a}{a+d}+\frac{d+b}{a+b}\ge4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+d}\right)+\left(b+d\right)\left(\frac{1}{c+d}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge4\)(1)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{a+c}{b+c}+\frac{b+d}{c+d}+\frac{c+a}{a+d}+\frac{d+b}{a+b}\ge\)\(\left(a+c\right)\frac{2}{\sqrt{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+d\right)}}+\left(b+d\right)\frac{2}{\sqrt{\left(c+d\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\ge\frac{4\left(a+c\right)}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{4\left(b+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}=\frac{4\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}=4 \left(2\right)\)Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\frac{a-b}{b+c}+\frac{b-c}{c+d}+\frac{c-d}{a+d}\ge\frac{a-d}{a+b}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{b+c}=\frac{1}{a+d}\\\frac{1}{c+d}=\frac{1}{a+b}\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}b+c=a+d\\c+d=a+b\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=d\)
vì sao
(a+c)(2/căn bậc 2 của(b+c)(a+d))+(b+d)(2/căn bậc 2 của (c+d)(a+b))
>=(4(a+c)/a+b+c+d) +4(b+d)/a+b+c+d
(căn bậc 2 máy mink ko viết đc)
a)a<b (1)
c<d (2)
Cộng từng vế các BĐT (1) và (2)
=>a+c<b+d (đpcm)
câu b) tương tự,dùng phép nhân