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a) Ta có: \(x^3+x^2+x+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x+1\right)+\left(x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)=0\)
mà \(x^2+1>0\forall x\)
nên x+1=0
hay x=-1
Vậy: S={-1}
b) Ta có: \(x^3-6x^2+11x-6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-x^2-5x^2+5x+6x-6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x-1\right)-5x\left(x-1\right)+6\left(x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2-5x+6\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\x-2=0\\x-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=2\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: S={1;2;3}
c) Ta có: \(x^3-x^2-21x+45=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-3x^2+2x^2-6x-15x+45=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x-3\right)+2x\left(x-3\right)-15\left(x-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2+2x-15\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2+5x-3x-15\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2\cdot\left(x+5\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-3=0\\x+5=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\x=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: S={3;-5}
d) Ta có: \(x^4+2x^3-4x^2-5x-6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4-2x^3+4x^3-8x^2+4x^2-8x+3x-6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3\left(x-2\right)+4x^2\cdot\left(x-2\right)+4x\left(x-2\right)+3\left(x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x^3+4x^2+4x+3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x^3+3x^2+x^2+4x+3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left[x^2\left(x+3\right)+\left(x+1\right)\left(x+3\right)\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)=0\)
mà \(x^2+x+1>0\forall x\)
nên (x-2)(x+3)=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\x+3=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: S={2;-3}
\(a,\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(3x-1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\\ b,\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)^3=0\Leftrightarrow x-2=0\Leftrightarrow x=2\\ c,\Leftrightarrow\left(4x-3x-3\right)\left(4x+3x+3\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(7x+3\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\x=-\dfrac{3}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\\ d,\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x-1\right)-4\left(x-1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2-4x+4\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) Ta có: \(36x^3-4x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x\left(9x^2-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(3x-1\right)\left(3x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=\dfrac{1}{3}\\x=\dfrac{-1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Ta có: \(3x\left(x-2\right)+x-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(3x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=\dfrac{-1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 1
a/ \(x\left(x^2+1\right)+2\left(x^2+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2+1\right)=0\Rightarrow x=-2\)
b/
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-6x^2+9x+5x^2-30x+45=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-3\right)^2+5\left(x-3\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+5\right)\left(x-3\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-5\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
1.
c/ \(\Leftrightarrow x^3+2x^2+2x+x^2+2x+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x^2+2x+2\right)+x^2+2x+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+2x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x^2+2x+2=0\left(vn\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
d/
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4+x^3-2x^2-x^3-x^2+2x+4x^2+4x-8=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x^2+x-2\right)-x\left(x^2+x-2\right)+4\left(x^2+x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-x+4\right)\left(x^2+x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-x+4=0\left(vn\right)\\x^2+x-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) Cách 1: Khai triển HĐT rút gọn được 3 x 2 + 6x + 7 = 0
Vì (3( x 2 + 2x + 1) + 4 < 0 với mọi x nên giải được x ∈ ∅
Cách 2. Chuyển vế đưa về ( x + 3 ) 3 = ( x - 1 ) 3 Û x + 3 = x - 1
Từ đó tìm được x ∈ ∅
b) Đặt x 2 = t với t ≥ 0 ta được t 2 + t - 2 = 0
Giải ra ta được t = 1 (TM) hoặc t = -2 (KTM)
Từ đó tìm được x = ± 1
c) Biến đổi được
d) Biến đổi về dạng x(x - 2) (x - 4) = 0. Tìm được x ∈ {0; 2; 4}
a) x⁴ + 2x² + 1
= (x²)² + 2.x².1 + 1²
= (x² + 1)²
b) 4x² - 12xy + 9y²
= (2x)² - 2.2x.3y + (3y)²
= (2x - 3y)²
c) -x² - 2xy - y²
= -(x² + 2xy + y²)
= -(x + y)²
d) (x + y)² - 2(x + y) + 1
= (x + y)² - 2.(x + y).1 + 1²
= (x - y + 1)²
e) x³ - 3x² + 3x - 1
= x³ - 3.x².1 + 3.x.1² - 1³
= (x - 1)³
g) x³ + 6x² + 12x + 8
= x³ + 3.x².2 + 3.x.2² + 2³
= (x + 2)³
h) x³ + 1 - x² - x
= (x³ + 1) - (x² + x)
= (x + 1)(x² - x + 1) - x(x + 1)
= (x + 1)(x² - x + 1 - x)
= (x + 1)(x² - 2x + 1)
= (x + 1)(x - 1)²
k) (x + y)³ - x³ - y³
= (x + y)³ - (x³ + y³)
= (x + y)³ - (x + y)(x² - xy + y²)
= (x + y)[(x + y)² - x² + xy - y²]
= (x + y)(x² + 2xy + y² - x² + xy - y²)
= (x + y).3xy
= 3xy(x + y)
a, \(x^4-x^2-2=0\Leftrightarrow x^4-2x^2+x^2-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x^2-2\right)+\left(x^2-2\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+1>0\right)\left(x^2-2\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x=\pm\sqrt{2}\)
b, \(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x^2+2x+1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x+1\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=0;x=-1\)
c, \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1>0\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
d, \(\Leftrightarrow6x^2-3x-4x+2=0\Leftrightarrow\left(3x-2\right)\left(2x-1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{2}{3};x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
a)
/ \(x^4+x^2-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2\right)^2-x^2+2x^2-2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x^2-1\right)+2\left(x^2-1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+2\right)\left(x^2-1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+2\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2+2=0\\x+1=0\\x-1-0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
1) Sửa đề: \(x^3-x^2+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+x^2-2x^2-2x+2x+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x+1\right)-2x\left(x+1\right)+2\left(x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-2x+2\right)=0\)(1)
Ta có: \(x^2-2x+2=\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+1=\left(x-1\right)^2+1\)
Ta có: \(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+1\ge1\ne0\forall x\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra \(x+1=0\)
hay x=-1
Vậy: x=-1
2) Ta có: \(4x^2-12x+5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-2x-10x+5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x\left(2x-1\right)-5\left(2x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-1\right)\left(2x-5\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x-1=0\\2x-5=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x=1\\2x=5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{1}{2}\\x=\frac{5}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: \(x\in\left\{\frac{1}{2};\frac{5}{2}\right\}\)
3) Ta có: \(x^4+6x^2+8=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4+4x^2+2x^2+8=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x^2+4\right)+2\left(x^2+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+4\right)\left(x^2+2\right)=0\)(3)
Ta có: \(x^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+4\ge4\ne0\forall x\)(4)
Ta có: \(x^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+2\ge2\ne0\forall x\)(5)
Từ (3), (4) và (5) suy ra phương trình \(x^4+6x^2+8=0\) vô nghiệm
Vậy: x∈∅
4) Ta có: \(x^3-x^2-21x+45=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+5x^2-6x^2-30x+9x+45=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+5\right)\left(x^2-6x+9\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+5\right)\left(x-3\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+5=0\\\left(x-3\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-5\\x-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-5\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: x∈{-5;3}