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\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3a^2+3b^2+3c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca=3a^2+3b^2+3c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
\(\Rightarrow P=a^2+\left(a+2\right)\left(a+a\right)+2020\)
\(\Rightarrow P=3a^2+4a+2020=3\left(a+\frac{2}{3}\right)^2+\frac{6056}{3}\ge\frac{6056}{3}\)
\(P_{min}=\frac{6056}{3}\) khi \(a=-\frac{2}{3}\)
Ta có : \(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b+c}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{b+c}.\frac{b+c}{4}}=a\)
Tương tự : \(\frac{b^2}{a+c}+\frac{a+c}{4}\ge b\) ; \(\frac{c^2}{a+b}+\frac{a+b}{4}\ge c\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{4}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy Min = 3/2 \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
3 câu đầu đều sử dụng BĐT: \(\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}+\frac{c^2}{z}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{x+y+z}\)
\(M=\frac{a^2}{a+1}+\frac{b^2}{b+1}+\frac{c^2}{c+1}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+3}=\frac{9}{3+3}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(N=\frac{1^2}{a}+\frac{2^2}{b+1}+\frac{3^2}{c+2}\ge\frac{\left(1+2+3\right)^2}{a+b+c+3}=\frac{36}{6}=6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(P=\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2}{c+a}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Câu d sử dụng BĐT \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)
\(Q\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2+a^2+b^2+c^2+2020\)
\(Q\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2\right)^2+\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2+2020=2026\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(a+b+c=\frac{3}{2}\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\frac{9}{4}\)
hay \(a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=\frac{9}{4}\)
Suy ra \(a^2+b^2+c^2=\frac{9}{4}-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Ta có BĐT \(xy+yz+zx\le\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}\) (tự c/m,không làm được ib)
Ta có: \(a^2+b^2+c^2=\frac{9}{4}-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{9}{4}-2.\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}=\frac{9}{4}-2.\frac{\left(\frac{9}{4}\right)}{3}=\frac{3}{4}^{\left(đpcm\right)}\)
Easy!
Ta có: \(\left(a-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow a^2+\frac{1}{4}\ge a\)
Tương tự: \(b^2+\frac{1}{4}\ge b;c^2+\frac{1}{4}\ge c\)
Cộng 3 bđt vế theo vế ta được:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2+\frac{3}{4}\ge a+b+c=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\frac{3}{2}-\frac{3}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b=c=1/2
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)_{ }\)
\(a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca=3a^2+3b^2+3c^2\)
\(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\)
\(\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\)
\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{cases}}\)
Do đó \(P=a^2+\left(a+2\right)\left(2a\right)+2020\)
\(P=a^2+2a^2+4a+2020\)
\(P=3a^2+4a+2020\)
\(3P=9a^2+12a+6060\)
\(3P=\left(3a\right)^2+2.\left(3a\right).2+4+6060-4\)
\(3P=\left(3a+2\right)^2+6056\ge6056\Leftrightarrow3P\ge6056\Leftrightarrow P\ge\frac{6056}{3}\) Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b = c = \(-\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy P đạt giá trị nhỏ nhất là 6056/3 khi a = b = c = -3/2