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Mấy câu này bạn cần giải theo kiểu trắc nghiệm hay tự luận nhỉ?
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{f\left(x\right)-2x+1}{x-1}=3\rightarrow\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\left(f\left(x\right)-2x+1\right)=0\\ \rightarrow\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}f\left(x\right)=1\)
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{\sqrt{3f\left(x\right)+1}-x-1}{\sqrt{4x+5}-3x-2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3.1+1}-1-1}{\sqrt{4.1+5}-3.1-2}=0\)
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1^+}f\left(x\right)=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1^-}f\left(x\right)\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}f\left(x\right)=2\)
a.
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow+\infty}\left(\sqrt[3]{x^3+4x^2}-x\right)=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow+\infty}\dfrac{4x^2}{\sqrt[3]{\left(x^3+4x^2\right)^2}+x\sqrt[3]{x^3+4x^2}+x^2}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow+\infty}\dfrac{4}{\sqrt[3]{\left(1+\dfrac{4}{x}\right)^2}+\sqrt[3]{1+\dfrac{4}{x}}+1}=\dfrac{4}{1+1+1}=\dfrac{4}{3}\)
b.
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1^+}f\left(x\right)=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1^+}\dfrac{4x-1}{x-1}=\dfrac{3}{0}=+\infty\)
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1^-}f\left(x\right)=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1^-}\left(7x+1\right)=8\)
Do \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-1}\dfrac{2f\left(x\right)+1}{x+1}=5\) hữu hạn nên \(2f\left(x\right)+1=0\) phải có nghiệm \(x=-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2f\left(-1\right)=-1\Leftrightarrow f\left(-1\right)=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Đoạn dưới tự hiểu là \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-1}\) (vì kí tự lim rất rắc rối)
\(I=\dfrac{\left[4f\left(x\right)+3\right]\left[\sqrt{4f^2\left(x\right)+2f\left(x\right)+4}-2\right]+2\left[4f\left(x\right)+3\right]-2}{x^2-1}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left[4f\left(x\right)+3\right]\left[4f^2\left(x\right)+2f\left(x\right)\right]}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)\left[\sqrt{4f^2\left(x\right)+2f\left(x\right)+4}+2\right]}+\dfrac{4\left[2f\left(x\right)+1\right]}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2f\left(x\right)+1}{x+1}.\dfrac{f\left(x\right).\left[4f\left(x\right)+3\right]}{x-1}+\dfrac{2f\left(x\right)+1}{x+1}.\dfrac{4}{x-1}\)
\(=5.\dfrac{f\left(-1\right).\left[4f\left(-1\right)+3\right]}{-2}+5.\dfrac{4}{-2}=\dfrac{5.\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\left(-2+3\right)}{-2}+5.\dfrac{4}{-2}=...\)
Không phải dạng, nó chỉ là ứng dụng kiến thức cơ bản về giới hạn của hàm thôi
Chúng ta tính giới hạn sau:
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{1-\sqrt[n]{x}}{1-x}\)
Cách đơn giản nhất là sử dụng L'Hopital:
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{1-x^{\dfrac{1}{n}}}{1-x}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{-\dfrac{1}{n}x^{\dfrac{1}{n}-1}}{-1}=\dfrac{1}{n}\)
Phức tạp hơn thì tách mẫu theo hằng đẳng thức
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{1-\sqrt[x]{n}}{\left(1-\sqrt[n]{x}\right)\left(1+\sqrt[n]{x}+\sqrt[n]{x^2}+...+\sqrt[n]{x^{n-1}}\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{1}{1+\sqrt[n]{x}+\sqrt[n]{x^2}+...+\sqrt[n]{x^{n-1}}}=\dfrac{1}{n}\)
Tóm lại ta có:
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{1-\sqrt[n]{x}}{1-x}=\dfrac{1}{n}\)
Do đó:
\(I_1=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\left(\dfrac{1-\sqrt[2]{x}}{1-x}\right)\left(\dfrac{1-\sqrt[3]{x}}{1-x}\right)...\left(\dfrac{1-\sqrt[n]{x}}{1-x}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{1}{3}...\dfrac{1}{n}=\dfrac{1}{n!}\)
Câu 2 cũng vậy: L'Hopital hoặc tách hằng đẳng thức trâu bò (thôi L'Hopital đi cho đỡ sợ)
\(I_2=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{1+x^2}+x\right)^n-\left(\sqrt{1+x^2}-x\right)^n}{x}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{n\left(\sqrt{1+x^2}+x\right)^{n-1}\left(\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+1\right)-n\left(\sqrt{1+x^2}-x\right)^{n-1}\left(\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}-1\right)}{1}\)
\(=\dfrac{n.1-n\left(-1\right)}{1}=2n\)
1/ \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0^-}\left(\dfrac{x-2}{x^3}\right)=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0^-}\dfrac{2-x}{-x^3}=\dfrac{2}{0}=+\infty\)
2/ \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1^+}\dfrac{\left(x^3-x^2\right)^{\dfrac{1}{2}}}{\left(x-1\right)^{\dfrac{1}{2}}+1-x}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1^+}\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x^3-x^2\right)^{-\dfrac{1}{2}}.\left(3x^2-2x\right)}{\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x-1\right)^{-\dfrac{1}{2}}-1}=0\)
3/ \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1^+}\dfrac{1-\left(x^2+x+1\right)}{x^3-1}=\dfrac{1-3}{0}=-\infty\)
4/ \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-\infty}\left(-\infty-\sqrt[3]{1+\infty}\right)=-\left(\infty+\infty\right)=-\infty?\) Cái này ko chắc :v
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\dfrac{f\left(x\right)+1}{x-2}\) hữu hạn \(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)+1=0\) có nghiệm \(x=2\Rightarrow f\left(2\right)=-1\)
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\dfrac{\sqrt{f\left(x\right)+2x+1}-x}{x^2-4}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{f\left(x\right)+2x+1}+x}.\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{f\left(x\right)+2x+1}-x\right)\left(\sqrt{f\left(x\right)+2x+1}+x\right)}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\dfrac{1}{\left(x+2\right)\left(\sqrt{f\left(x\right)+2x+1}+x\right)}.\dfrac{f\left(x\right)+1-x\left(x-2\right)}{x-2}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\dfrac{1}{\left(x+2\right)\left(\sqrt{f\left(x\right)+2x+1}+x\right)}.\left(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\dfrac{f\left(x\right)+1}{x-2}-\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\dfrac{x\left(x-2\right)}{x-2}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4\left(\sqrt{4}+2\right)}.\left(a-2\right)=\dfrac{a-2}{16}\)
Do \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow3}\dfrac{f\left(x\right)-2}{x-3}\) hữu hạn \(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)-2=0\) có nghiệm \(x=3\)
Hay \(f\left(3\right)-2=0\Rightarrow f\left(3\right)=2\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow3}\left(\dfrac{f\left(x\right)-2}{x-3}\right).\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{5f\left(x\right)+6}+1}=\dfrac{1}{4}.\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{5.f\left(3\right)+6}+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}.\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{5.2+6}+1}=\dfrac{1}{20}\)
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{f\left(x\right)-16}{x-1}\) hữu hạn nên \(f\left(x\right)-16=0\) có nghiệm \(x=1\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(1\right)=16\)
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{f\left(x\right)-16}{x-1}.\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2f\left(x\right)+4}+6}=24.\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2.16+4}+6}=2\)