Tìm các số x1, x2, ... , xn-1, xn biết rằng: \(\frac{x_1}{a_1}=\frac{x_2}{a_2}=...=\frac{x_{n-1}}{a_{n-1}}=\frac{x_n}{a_n}\)và \(x_1+x_2+...+x_n=c\left(a_1\ne0,...,a_n\ne0;a_1+a_2+...+a_n\ne0\right)\)
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\dfrac{x_1}{a_1}=\dfrac{x_2}{a_2}=...=\dfrac{x_n}{a_n}=\dfrac{x_1+x_2+...+x_{n-1}+x_n}{a_1+a_2+...+a_{n-1}+a_n}\)
\(=\dfrac{c}{a_1+a_2+...+a_n}\)
Suy ra:
\(x_1=\dfrac{a_1.c}{a_1+a_2+...+a_n}\)
\(x_2=\dfrac{a_2.c}{a_1+a_2+...+a_n}\)
.........................................
\(x_n=\dfrac{a_n.c}{a_1+a_2+...+a_n}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Đặt \(\frac{a_1}{a_2}=\frac{a_2}{a_3}=...=\frac{a_{n-1}}{a_n}=\frac{a_n}{a_1}=k\)
=>\(\frac{a_1}{a_2}.\frac{a_2}{a_3}.....\frac{a_{n-1}}{a_n}.\frac{a_n}{a_1}=k.k.....k.k\)
=>\(k^n=\frac{a_1.a_2.....a_{n-1}.a_n}{a_2.a_3.....a_n.a_1}\)
=>\(k^n=1=1^n\)
=>k=1
=>\(\frac{a_1}{a_2}=\frac{a_2}{a_3}=...=\frac{a_{n-1}}{a_n}=\frac{a_n}{a_1}=1\)
=>\(a_1=a_2=...=a_n\)
\(=>\frac{a^2_1+a^2_2+...+a_n^2}{\left(a_1+a_2+...+a_n\right)^2}\)
=\(\frac{a^2_1+a^2_1+...+a_1^2}{\left(a_1+a_1+...+a_1\right)^2}\)
=\(\frac{n.a^2_1}{\left(n.a_1\right)^2}=\frac{n.a_1^2}{n^2.a^2_1}=\frac{1}{n}\)
thế này dc ko
Áp dụng t/c của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có :
\(\frac{a_1}{a_2}=\frac{a_2}{a_3}=...=\frac{a_{n-1}}{a_n}=\frac{a_n}{a_1}=\frac{a_1+a_2+...+a_{n-1}+a_n}{a_2+a_3+...+a_n+a_1}\Rightarrow a_1=a_2=...=a_n\)
\(\frac{a^1_2+a^2_2+...+a^2_n}{\left(a_1+a_2+...+a_n\right)}=\frac{na^2_1}{\left(na_1\right)^2}=\frac{1}{n}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(max\left\{x_1;x_2;...;x_n\right\}\ge\frac{x_1+x_2+...+x_n}{n}+\frac{\left|x_1-x_2\right|+\left|x_2-x_3\right|+...+\left|x_{n-1}-x_n\right|+\left|x_n-x_1\right|}{2n}\)
Đề Tuyển sinh lớp 10 chuyên toán ĐHSP Hà Nội 2012-2013
NGUỒN:CHÉP MẠNG,CHÉP Y CHANG CHỨ E KO HIỂU GÌ ĐÂU(vài dòng đầu)-lỡ như anh cần mak ko có key. ( VÔ TÌNH TRA TÀI LIỆU THÌ THẦY BÀI NÀY )
P/S:Xin đừng bốc phốt.
Để ý trong 2 số thực x,y bất kỳ luôn có
\(Min\left\{x;y\right\}\le x,y\le Max\left\{x,y\right\}\) và \(Max\left\{x;y\right\}=\frac{x+y+\left|x-y\right|}{2}\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{x_1+x_2+...+x_n}{n}+\frac{\left|x_1-x_2\right|+\left|x_2-x_3\right|+.....+\left|x_n-x_1\right|}{2n}\)
\(=\frac{x_1+x_2+\left|x_1-x_2\right|}{2n}+\frac{x_2+x_3+\left|x_2-x_3\right|}{2n}+.....+\frac{x_3+x_4+\left|x_3-x_4\right|}{2n}+\frac{x_4+x_5+\left|x_4-x_5\right|}{2n}\)
\(\le\frac{Max\left\{x_1;x_2\right\}+Max\left\{x_2;x_3\right\}+.....+Max\left\{x_n;x_1\right\}}{n}\)
\(\le Max\left\{x_1;x_2;x_3;.....;x_n\right\}^{đpcm}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\frac{a_1}{a_2}=\frac{a_2}{a_3}=\frac{a_3}{a_4}=.....=\frac{a_{n-1}}{a_n}=\frac{a_n}{a_1}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ,ta có :
\(\frac{a_1}{a_2}=\frac{a_2}{a_3}=\frac{a_3}{a_4}=.....=\frac{a_{n-1}}{a_n}=\frac{a_n}{a_1}=\frac{a_1+a_2+....+a_n}{a_2+a_3+....+a_n+a_1}=1\)
=> a1 = a2
a2 = a3
.........
an - 1 = an
an = a1
=> a1 = a2 = a3 = ....... = an - 1 = an
MÀ \(a_1=-\sqrt{5}\)
=> a1 = a2 = a3 = ....... = an - 1 = an = \(-\sqrt{5}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Với \(n=4\) bđt \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{x_1}{x_4+x_2}+\frac{x_2}{x_1+x_3}+\frac{x_3}{x_2+x_4}+\frac{x_4}{x_3+x_1}\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{x_1^2}{x_4x_1+x_1x_2}+\frac{x_2^2}{x_1x_2+x_2x_3}+\frac{x_3^2}{x_2x_3+x_3x_4}+\frac{x_4^2}{x_3x_4+x_4x_1}\ge2\) (1)
\(VT_{\left(1\right)}\ge\frac{\left(x_1+x_2+x_3+x_4\right)^2}{2\left(x_1x_2+x_2x_3+x_3x_4+x_4x_1\right)}\ge\frac{\left(x_1+x_2+x_3+x_4\right)^2}{2.\frac{\left(x_1+x_2+x_3+x_4\right)^2}{4}}=2\)
Giả sử bđt đúng đến n=k hay \(\frac{x_1}{x_k+x_2}+\frac{x_2}{x_1+x_3}+...+\frac{x_{k-1}}{x_{k-2}+x_k}+\frac{x_k}{x_{k-1}+x_1}\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{x_2}{x_1+x_3}+...+\frac{x_{k-1}}{x_{k-2}+x_k}\ge2-\frac{x_1}{x_k+x_2}-\frac{x_k}{x_{k-1}+x_1}\)
Với n=k+1, cần cm \(\frac{x_1}{x_{k+1}+x_2}+\frac{x_2}{x_1+x_3}+...+\frac{x_{k-1}}{x_{k-2}+x_k}+\frac{x_k}{x_{k-1}+x_{k+1}}+\frac{x_{k+1}}{x_k+x_1}\ge2\)
hay \(\frac{x_1}{x_{k+1}+x_2}-\frac{x_1}{x_k+x_2}+\frac{x_k}{x_{k-1}+x_{k+1}}-\frac{x_k}{x_{k-1}+x_1}+\frac{x_{k+1}}{x_k+x_1}\ge0\) (2)
giả sử \(x_k=max\left\{a_1;a_2;...;a_{k+1}\right\}\)
\(VT_{\left(2\right)}=\frac{x_1\left(x_k-x_{k+1}\right)}{\left(x_k+x_2\right)\left(x_{k+1}+x_2\right)}+\frac{x_k\left(x_1-x_{k+1}\right)}{\left(x_{k-1}+x_1\right)\left(x_{k-1}+x_{k+1}\right)}+\frac{x_{k+1}}{x_k+x_1}>0\)
nhầm, chỗ giả sử là \(x_{k+1}=min\left\{x_1;x_2;...;x_{k+1}\right\}\)