Cho 150ml dd KOH 2M phản ứng với lượng dư dd HCL 1,5M 𝐚) Tính thể tích dung dịch HCL đã dùng, biết lượng HCL dư 15% 𝐛) Tính nồng độ mol các chất có trong dung dịch sau phản ứng.
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TTĐ:
\(m_{Fe_3O_4}=46,4\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=2\left(M\right)\)
___________
a) \(V_{H_2SO_4}=?\left(l\right)\)
b)\(C_{M_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}}=?\left(M\right)\)
Giải
\(n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{46,4}{232}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe_3O_4+4H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+FeSO_4+4H_2O\)
\(0,2\rightarrow0,8\) : 0,2 : 0,2 (mol)
\(a)V_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{n}{C_M}=\dfrac{0,8}{2}=0,4\left(l\right)\)
\(b)C_{M_{FeSO_{\text{4 }}}}=C_{M_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}}=\dfrac{n}{V}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,4}=0,5\left(M\right)\)
\(a)n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{46,4}{232}=0,2mol\\Fe_3O_4+4H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+4H_2O\)
0,2 0,8 0,2 0,2 0,8
\(V_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,8}{2}=0,4l\\ b)C_{M\left(FeSO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,4}=0,4M\\ C_{M\left(Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,4}=0,5M\)
a, \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Fe}=n_{FeCl_2}=n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,3.56=16,8\left(g\right)\)
b, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,15}=4\left(M\right)\)
c, \(FeCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Fe\left(OH\right)_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{NaOH}=2n_{FeCl_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,6}{1}=0,6\left(l\right)=600\left(ml\right)\)
\(a.Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Fe,pư}=n_{FeCl_2}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3mol\\ m_{Fe,pư}=0,3.56=16,8g\\ b.n_{HCl}=0,3.2=0,6mol\\ C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,15}=4M\\ c.2NaOH+FeCl_2\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl\\ n_{NaOH}=0,3.2=0,6mol\\ V_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,6}{1}=0,6l=600ml\)
a.250ml=0,25l ; nHCl=0,25.1,5=0,375mol
KOH+HCl->KCl+H2O
1mol 1mol 1mol
0,375 0,375 0,375
VKOh=0,375/2=0,1875l
b.CM KCL=0,375/0,25=1,5M
c.NaOH+HCL=NaCl+H2O
1mol 1mol
0,375 0,375
mdd NaOH=0,375.40.100/10=150g
$n_{CuO} = \dfrac{8}{80} = 0,1(mol) ; n_{HCl} = 0,15.2 = 0,3(mol)$
$CuO + 2HCl \to CuCl_2 + H_2O$
Ta thấy :
$n_{CuO} : 1 < n_{HCl} : 2$ nên HCl dư
$n_{CuCl_2} = n_{CuO} = 0,1(mol)$
$n_{HCl\ pư} = 2n_{CuO} = 0,2(mol) \Rightarrow n_{HCl\ dư} = 0,3 - 0,2 = 0,1(mol)$
$C_{M_{CuCl_2}} = \dfrac{0,1}{0,15} = 0,67M$
$C_{M_{HCl}} = \dfrac{0,1}{0,15} = 0,67M$
PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{H_2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{H_2}=0,1\cdot22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\\m_{FeCl_2}=0,1\cdot127=12,7\left(g\right)\\C_{M_{FeCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,1}=1\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,1}=2\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
nFe = 0,1 mol
nHCl = 0,3 mol
Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + H2
0,1 < 0,3/2 .....=> HCl dư sau phản ứng
nFeCl2 = 0,1 mol => CM = 0,1/0,2 = 0,5M
nHCl(dư) = 0,1 mol => CM = 0,1/0,2 = 0,5M
a) PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=0,2\cdot1,5=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{2}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Fe p/ứ hết, HCl còn dư
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,1\cdot36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\)
c) Theo PTHH: \(n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{FeCl_2}}=C_{M_{HCl\left(dư\right)}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5\left(M\right)\)
a, Ta có: \(n_{KOH}=0,15.2=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(KOH+HCl\rightarrow KCl+H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=n_{KOH}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Mà: HCl dư 15%
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=0,3+0,3.15\%=0,345\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,345}{1,5}=0,23\left(l\right)\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{KCl}=n_{KOH}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{KCl}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,15+0,23}\approx0,789\left(M\right)\)
\(C_{M_{HCl\left(dư\right)}}=\dfrac{0,3.15\%}{0,15+0,23}\approx0,118\left(M\right)\)