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Đặt: \(n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right);n_{ZnO}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(a.Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ ZnO+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65a+81b=14,6\\a=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ b.m_{Zn}=0,1.65=6,5\left(g\right)\\ m_{ZnO}=0,1.81=8,1\left(g\right)\\ d.m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{\left(0,1+0,1\right).2.36,5.100}{7,3}=200\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
a) Pt : \(2Al+2NaOH+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaAlO_2+3H_2|\)
2 2 2 2 3
0,2 0,2 0,3
\(Al_2O_3+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaAlO_2+H_2O|\)
1 2 2 1
0,1 0,2
b) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{0,3.2}{3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Al2O3}=15,6-5,4=10,2\left(g\right)\)
c) Có : \(m_{Al2O3}=10,2\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Al2O3}=\dfrac{10,2}{102}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH\left(tổng\right)}=0,2+0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,4}{1}=0,4\left(l\right)=400\left(ml\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
PTHH: \(2Al+3S\underrightarrow{^{t^o}}Al_2S_3\)
Gọi số mol Al là x; S là y.
Ta có phương trình : \(27x+32y=10,2\left(g\right)\)
Vì cho Y tác dụng với HCl thu được hỗn hợp khí nên Al dư
\(\Rightarrow n_{Al_2S_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_S=\dfrac{y}{3}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Al\left(dư\right)}=x-\dfrac{2y}{3}\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(Al_2S_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2S\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H2S}=3n_{Al2S3}=y\left(mol\right);n_{H2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=1,5x-y\left(mol\right)\)
\(M_Z=18\)
Áp dụng quy tắc đường chéo :
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{n_{H2S}}{n_{H2}}=\dfrac{16}{16}\Rightarrow1,5x-y=y\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{10,2}=52,94\%\\\%m_S=100\%-52,94\%=47,06\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
1. Gọi nAl = a (mol)
=> nFe = 1,5a (mol)
PTHH:
2Al + 3H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
a ---> 1,5a ---> a ---> 1,5a
Fe + H2SO4 -> FeSO4 + H2
1,5a ---> 1,5a ---> 1,5a ---> 1,5a
=> 342a + 152 . 1,5a = 39,9
=> a = 0,07 (mol)
mAl = 0,07 . 27 = 1,89 (g)
mFe = 0,07 . 1,5 . 56 = 5,88 (g)
2. nH2 = 1,5 . 0,07 + 1,5 . 0,07 = 0,21 (mol)
nO2 = 0,21 . 2 = 0,42 (mol)
nH2O = 2,7/18 = 0,15 (mol)
PTHH: 2H2 + O2 -> (t°) 2H2O
Mol: 0,15 <--- 0,075 <--- 0,15
VE = (0,21 - 0,15 + 0,42 - 0,075) . 22,4 = 9,072 (l)
mE = (0,42 - 0,075) . 32 + (0,21 - 0,15) . 2 = 11,14 (g)
nE = 0,42 - 0,075 + 0,21 - 0,15 = 0,405 (mol)
M(E) = 11,14/0,405 = 27,5 (g/mol)
d(E/N2) = 27,5/28 = 0,98
a) PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
a_____2a______a_____a (mol)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
b_____3b_______b_____\(\dfrac{3}{2}\)b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+27b=36,1\\a+\dfrac{3}{2}b=\dfrac{21,28}{22,4}=0,95\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,5\\b=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,5\cdot56=28\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=8,1\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b+c) Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=2a+3b=1,9\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\n_{AlCl_3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{1,9}{0,2}=9,5\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{FeCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,2}=2,5\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{AlCl_3}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
