Cho 40g dung dịch CH3COOH tác dụng với một lượng dư Mg thu được 448ml khí H2 (đktc).
a) Viết PTHH.
b) Tính khối lượng muối thu được sau phản ứng.
c) Tính C% của dung dịch đã dùng
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nH2 = 6.72 / 22.4 = 0.3 (mol)
Mg + H2SO4 => MgSO4 + H2
0.3.......0.3.............0.3........0.3
mMg = 0.3 * 24 = 7.2 (g)
mH2SO4 = 0.3 * 98 = 29.4 (g)
mddH2SO4 = 29.4 * 100 / 19.6 = 150 (g)
mMgSO4 = 0.3 * 120 = 36 (g)
2Na+2H2O->2NaOH+H2
x-------------------x---------0,5x
2K+2H2O->2KOH+H2
y-----------------y-----------0,5y
nH2O=2n H2
=>mH2O=\(\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}2.18\)=7,2g
Ta có :\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}23x+39y=11,6\\0,5x+0,5y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>x=0,25 mol, y=0,15 mol
=>m bazo=0,25.40+0,15.56=18,4g
d) m Na=0,25.23=5,75g
=>m K=0,15.39=5,85g
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
gọi nNa :a , nk :b (a,b>0)
=> 23a+39b=11,6(g)
\(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\)
a \(\dfrac{1}{2}a\)
\(2K+2H_2O\rightarrow2KOH+H_2\)
b \(\dfrac{1}{2}b\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}23a+39b=11,6\\\dfrac{1}{2}a+\dfrac{1}{2}b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> a= 0,25 , b = 0,15(mol)
theo pt nH2O = 0,4+0,4=0,8(mol)
=> mH2O = 0,8.18=14,4(g)
theo pthh : nKOH = 0,15 , nNaOH = 0,25
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{KOH}=0,15.56=8,4\left(g\right)\\m_{NaOH}=0,25.40=10\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_K=0,15.39=5,85\left(g\right)\\m_{Na}=0,25.23=5,75\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ a,PTHH:Mg+2CH_3COOH\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Mg+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=n_{\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Mg}=n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{CH_3COOH}=2.0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ b,V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\ c,m_{\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Mg}=142.0,2=28,4\left(g\right)\\ d,m_{ddCH_3COOH}=\dfrac{0,4.60.100}{12}=200\left(g\right)\)
Câu 4:
a, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Zn+2CH_3COOH\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Zn+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CH_3COOH}=2n_{H_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{0,5}{2,5}=0,2\left(l\right)\)
b, \(n_{\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Zn}=n_{H_2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Zn}=0,25.183=45,75\left(g\right)\)
a, \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=36,5.15\%=5,475\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{5,475}{36,5}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,15}{2}\), ta được Mg dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,075\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\)
b, \(n_{Mg\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,075\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Mg\left(dư\right)}=0,1-0,075=0,025\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg\left(dư\right)}=0,025.24=0,6\left(g\right)\)
c, - Cách 1:
\(n_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,075\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{MgCl_2}=0,075.95=7,125\left(g\right)\)
- Cách 2:
Theo ĐLBT KL, có: mMg (pư) + mHCl = mMgCl2 + mH2
⇒ mMgCl2 = 2,4 - 0,6 + 5,475 - 0,075.2 = 7,125 (g)
\(a.Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ b.n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ TheoPT:n_{Mg}=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Mg}=0,2.24=4,8\left(g\right)\\ c.n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,4.36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\)
\(a,n_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,65}{65}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
0,01--->0,02---->0,01---->0,01
\(V_{H_2}=0,01.22,4=0,224\left(l\right)\\ b,m_{ZnCl_2}=0,01.136=1,36\left(g\right)\\ V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,02}{2}=0,01\left(l\right)\)
a, \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2CH_3COOH+Zn\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Zn+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
b, \(n_{\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Zn}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Zn}=0,1.183=18,3\left(g\right)\)
c, \(n_{CH_3COOH}=2n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CH_3COOH}=0,2.60=12\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddCH_3COOH}=\dfrac{12}{60\%}=20\left(g\right)\)
a) PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
b) Ta có: \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{3,6}{24}=0,15\left(mol\right)=n_{MgCl_2}\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{MgCl_2}=0,15\cdot95=14,25\left(g\right)\)
c) Theo PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(p.ứ\right)}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{HCl\left(p.ứ\right)}=0,3\cdot36,5=10,95\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,15\cdot2=0,3\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{Mg}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=53,3\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=50\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow C\%_{HCl\left(p.ứ\right)}=\dfrac{10,95}{50}\cdot100\%=21,9\%\)
a)
2CH3COOH + Mg → (CH3COO)2Mg + H2
b)
nH2 = 0,448 : 22,4 = 0,02 mol
=> n(CH3COO)2Mg = 0,02 mol
<=> m(CH3COO)2Mg = 0,02.142 = 2,84 gam.
c) nCH3COOH = 2 nH2 = 0,04 mol
<=> mCH3COOH = 0,04 . 60 = 2,4 gam
=> C%CH3COOH = \(\dfrac{2,4}{40}.100\%\)= 6%