Cho x,y,z thoả x/2012=y/2013=z/2014
C/m (x-z)3=8(x-y)2(y-z)
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\(x^2+y^2+z^2=xy+yz+zx\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)-2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2-2yz+z^2\right)+\left(x^2-2xz+z^2\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(x-z\right)^2=0ma:\left(x-y\right)^2;\left(y-z\right)^2;\left(x-z\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y=0\\y-z=0\\z-x=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow x=y=z\Rightarrow x^{2012}=y^{2012}=z^{2012}ma:x^{2012}+y^{2012}+z^{2012}=3^{2013}\Rightarrow x^{2012}=y^{2012}=z^{2012}=\left(\pm3\right)^{2012}\Rightarrow x=y=z=\pm3\)
Đặt x/2015=y/2016=z/2017=k
=> x=2015k
=> y=2016k
=> z=2017k
Ta có
•(x-z)3=(2015k-2017k)3=(-2k)3=-8k3 (1)
•8(x-y)2(y-z)=8(2015k-2016k)2(2016k-2017k)= 8(-k)2(-k)=-8k3 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) => (x-z)3=8(x-y)2(y-z)
Giả sử z là số lớn nhất trong 3 số
Từ đề bài ta có:
\(\sqrt{x+2011}+\sqrt{y+2012}+\sqrt{z+2013}=\sqrt{z+2011}+\sqrt{x+2012}+\sqrt{y+2013}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+2012}-\sqrt{x+2011}+\sqrt{y+2013}-\sqrt{y+2012}=\sqrt{z+2012}-\sqrt{z+2011}+\sqrt{z+2013}-\sqrt{z+2012}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{x+2012}+\sqrt{x+2011}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{y+2013}+\sqrt{y+2012}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{z+2012}+\sqrt{z+2011}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{z+2013}+\sqrt{z+2012}}\)
Ta lại có:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{\sqrt{x+2012}+\sqrt{x+2011}}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{z+2012}+\sqrt{z+2011}}\\\frac{1}{\sqrt{y+2013}+\sqrt{y+2012}}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{z+2013}+\sqrt{z+2012}}\end{cases}}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi x = y = z
Tương tự cho trường hợp x lớn nhất với y lớn nhất.
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Đặt \(\frac{x}{2012}=\frac{y}{2013}=\frac{z}{2014}=k\)=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=2012k\\y=2013k\\z=2014k\end{cases}}\)
khi đó, ta có: (x - z)3 = (2012k - 2014k)3 = (-2k)3 = -8k3
8(x - y)2(y - z) = 8(2012k - 2013k)2(2013 - 2014k) = 8(-k)2.(-k) = -8k3
=> (x - z)3 = 8(x - y)2(y - z)
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=x+2011\\b=y+2011\\c=z+2011\end{cases}}\) Ta có Hệ:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b+1}+\sqrt{c+2}\left(A\right)=\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c+1}+\sqrt{a+2}\left(B\right)\\\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c+1}+\sqrt{a+2}\left(B\right)=\sqrt{c}+\sqrt{a+1}+\sqrt{b+2}\left(C\right)\end{cases}}\)
Vai trò \(x,y,z\) bình đẳng
Giả sử \(c=Max\left(a;b;c\right)\) vì \(A=C\) ta có:
\(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b+1}+\sqrt{c+2}=\sqrt{c}+\sqrt{a+1}+\sqrt{b+2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a+1}-\sqrt{a}\right)+\left(\sqrt{b+2}-\sqrt{b+1}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{c+2}-\sqrt{c}=\left(\sqrt{c+2}-\sqrt{c+1}\right)+\left(\sqrt{c+1}-\sqrt{c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{a+1}+\sqrt{a}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b+2}+\sqrt{b+1}}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{c+2}+\sqrt{c+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c+1}+\sqrt{c}}\left(1\right)\)
Mặt khác \(\hept{\begin{cases}c\ge a\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{a+1}+\sqrt{a}}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{c+1}+\sqrt{c}}\\c\ge b\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{b+2}+\sqrt{b+1}}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{c+2}+\sqrt{c+1}}\end{cases}}\)
Suy ra \(\left(1\right)\) xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\) (Đpcm)
2012(x + y) = 2013(y + z) = 2014 (z + x)
\(=\frac{x+y}{\frac{1}{2012}}=\frac{y+z}{\frac{1}{2013}}=\frac{z+x}{\frac{1}{2014}}\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số = nhau ta có:
\(\frac{x+y}{\frac{1}{2012}}=\frac{y+z}{\frac{1}{2013}}=\frac{z+x}{\frac{1}{2014}}=\frac{\left(z+x\right)-\left(y+z\right)}{\frac{1}{2014}-\frac{1}{2013}}=\frac{\left(y+z\right)-\left(x+y\right)}{\frac{1}{2013}-\frac{1}{2012}}\)
\(=\frac{x-y}{\frac{-1}{2013.2014}}=\frac{z-x}{\frac{-1}{2012.2013}}\)
= (x - y).(-2013.2014) = (z - x).(-2012.2013)
=> (x - y).(-2013.2014).\(\frac{-1}{2013.2014.1006}\) = (z - x).(-2012.2013).\(\frac{-1}{2013.2014.1006}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x-y}{1006}=\frac{z-x}{1007}\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(\dfrac{y+z+t-nx}{x}=\dfrac{z+t+x-ny}{y}=\dfrac{t+x+y-nz}{z}=\dfrac{x+y+z-nt}{t}\)
\(=\dfrac{y+z+t-nx+z+t+x-ny+t+x+y-nz+x+y+z-nt}{x+y+z+t}\)
\(=\dfrac{3x+3y+3z+3t-n\left(x+y+z+t\right)}{x+y+z+t}\)
\(=\dfrac{3\left(x+y+z+t\right)-n\left(x+y+z+t\right)}{x+y+z+t}=\dfrac{\left(3-n\right)\left(x+y+z+t\right)}{x+y+z+t}=3-n\)
Nên \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y+z+t-nx=3x-nx\\z+t+x-ny=3y-ny\\t+x+y-nz=3z-nz\\x+y+z-nt=3t-nt\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y+z+t=3x\\z+t+x=3y\\t+x+y=3z\\x+y+z=3t\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{y+z+t}{3}\\y=\dfrac{z+t+x}{3}\\z=\dfrac{t+x+y}{3}\\t=\dfrac{x+y+z}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thay vào \(P\) ta có:
\(P=x+2y-3z+t\)
\(P=\dfrac{y+z+t}{3}+\dfrac{2\left(z+t+x\right)}{3}-\dfrac{3\left(t+x+y\right)}{3}+\dfrac{x+y+z}{3}\)
\(P=\dfrac{y+z+t+2z+t+x-3t-3x-3y+x+y+z}{3}\)
\(P=\dfrac{\left(x+x-3x\right)+\left(y+y-3y\right)+\left(z+z+2z\right)+\left(t+t-3t\right)}{3}\)
\(P=\dfrac{-x-y-z+4t}{3}\)
\(P=\dfrac{-\left(x+y+z+t\right)+5t}{3}\)
\(P=\dfrac{-2012+5t}{3}\)
Tốn sức quá T^T