1. Giải phương trình $\sqrt2.\sqrt{2x^2 + x + 1} - \sqrt{4x-1} + 2x^2+3x-3 = 0$.
2. Cho các số thực dương $a, b, c$ thỏa mãn $ab+bc+ca = 3.$ Chứng minh
$\dfrac{a^3}{b+2c} + \dfrac{b^3}{c+2a} + \dfrac{c^3}{a+2b} \ge 1.$
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b, \(\frac{a^3}{b+2c}+\frac{b^3}{c+2a}+\frac{c^3}{a+2b}\ge1\)
\(\frac{a^4}{ab+2ac}+\frac{b^4}{bc+2ab}+\frac{c^4}{ac+2bc}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{ab+bc+ac+2ac+2ab+2bc}\)( Bunhia dạng phân thức )
mà \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ac\)
\(=\frac{\left(ab+bc+ac\right)^2}{3+2\left(ab+ac+bc\right)}=\frac{9}{3+6}=1\)( đpcm )
1.
Điều kiện .
Phương trình tương đương với \\
Với ta có:
.
Suy ra .
Vậy phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất
2.
Đặt
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho hai số dương và ta có
.
Tương tự , .
Cộng các vế ta có .
Mà nên (ta có đpcm).
$\sum \sqrt{\frac{ab+2c^2}{1+ab-c^2}}\geq ab+bc+ca+2$ - Bất đẳng thức và cực trị - Diễn đàn Toán học
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{ab+2c^2}{1+ab-c^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{ab+2c^2}{a^2+b^2+ab}}\)\(=\dfrac{ab+2c^2}{\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2+ab\right)\left(ab+c^2+c^2\right)}}\)\(\ge\dfrac{2\left(ab+2c^2\right)}{a^2+b^2+2ab+2c^2}\)\(\ge\dfrac{2\left(ab+2c^2\right)}{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)+2c^2}\)\(=\dfrac{ab+2c^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{ab+2c^2}{1+ab-c^2}}\ge ab+2c^2\)
Tương tự: \(\sqrt{\dfrac{bc+2a^2}{1+bc-a^2}}\ge bc+2a^2\); \(\sqrt{\dfrac{ac+2b^2}{1+ac-b^2}}\ge ac+2b^2\)
Cộng vế với vế \(\Rightarrow VT\ge2a^2+2b^2+2c^2+ab+bc+ac=2+ab+bc+ac\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Đặt \(\left(\sqrt{a};\sqrt{b};\sqrt{c}\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z=1\)
BĐT trở thành: \(\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+2z^2}}+\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt{y^2+z^2+2x^2}}+\dfrac{zx}{\sqrt{x^2+z^2+2y^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Ta có:
\(x^2+z^2+y^2+z^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+z\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(y+z\right)^2\ge\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+2z^2}}\le\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{xy}{x+z}+\dfrac{xy}{y+z}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt{y^2+z^2+2x^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{yz}{x+y}+\dfrac{yz}{x+z}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{zx}{\sqrt{z^2+x^2+2y^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{zx}{x+y}+\dfrac{zx}{y+z}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{zx+yz}{x+y}+\dfrac{xy+zx}{y+z}+\dfrac{yz+xy}{z+x}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\) hay \(a=b=c\)
\(\dfrac{\sqrt{b^2+a^2+a^2}}{ab}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{3}\left(b+a+a\right)^2}}{ab}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{\sqrt{c^2+2b^2}}{bc}\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{\sqrt{a^2+2c^2}}{ac}\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{2}{a}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\left(\dfrac{3}{a}+\dfrac{3}{b}+\dfrac{3}{c}\right)=\sqrt{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=1980\sqrt{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{3}{1980}\)
\(VT=\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{c\left(a+b+c\right)+ab}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2c^2}{b\left(a+b+c\right)+ac}}\\ VT=\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{ac+ab+bc+c^2}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{a^2+ac+ab+bc}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2c^2}{ab+bc+b^2+ac}}\\ VT=\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{\left(c+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2c^2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{bc}{a+b}+\dfrac{bc}{a+c}}{2}\\\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2c^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{ca}{a+b}+\dfrac{ca}{b+c}}{2}\\\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{ab}{b+c}+\dfrac{ab}{a+c}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{bc}{a+b}+\dfrac{ca}{a+b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{ca}{b+c}+\dfrac{ab}{b+c}\right)+\left(\dfrac{bc}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{a+c}\right)}{2}\\ \Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}=\dfrac{2}{2}=1\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
TK: Cho các số thực dương a, b, c thỏa mãn a + b+ c = 3. Chứng minh rằng: \(\sqrt{2a^2+\frac{7}{b^2}}+\sqrt{2b^2+\frac{7}{... - Hoc24
1)
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\)
PT \(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{4x^2+2x+2}-\sqrt{4x-1}+2x^2+3x-3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{4x^2+2x+2}-2\right)-\left(\sqrt{4x-1}-1\right)+2x^2+3x-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{4x^2+2x+2-4}{\sqrt{4x^2+2x+2}+2}-\dfrac{4x-1-1}{\sqrt{4x-1}+1}+\left(2x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{4x^2+2x-2}{\sqrt{4x^2+2x+2}+2}-\dfrac{4x-2}{\sqrt{4x-1}+1}+\left(2x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\left(2x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{\sqrt{4x^2+2x+2}+2}-\dfrac{2\left(2x-1\right)}{\sqrt{4x-1}+1}+\left(2x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-1\right)\left(\dfrac{2x+2}{\sqrt{4x^2+2x+2}+2}-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{4x-1}+1}+x+2\right)=0\)
Mà \(\dfrac{2x+2}{\sqrt{4x^2+2x+2}+2}>0\)
\(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{4x-1}+1}< 2\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{4x-1}+1}>-2\)
\(x+2>2\)
=> \(\dfrac{2x+2}{\sqrt{4x^2+2x+2}+2}-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{4x-1}+1}+x+2>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x-1=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(TM\right)\)
KL: Vậy PT có nghiệm \(S=\left\{\dfrac{1}{2}\right\}\)
2)
BĐT \(\Leftrightarrow\left[\dfrac{a^3}{b+2c}+\dfrac{b+2c}{9}.a\right]+\left[\dfrac{b^3}{c+2a}+\dfrac{c+2a}{9}.b\right]+\left[\dfrac{c^3}{a+2b}+\dfrac{a+2b}{9}.c\right]-\dfrac{1}{3}.\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge1\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cosi cho 2 số không âm:
\(\dfrac{a^3}{b+2c}+\dfrac{b+2c}{9}.a\ge2.\sqrt{\dfrac{a^3}{b+2c}.\dfrac{b+2c}{9}.a}=\dfrac{2a^2}{3}\)
Tương tự \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^3}{c+2a}+\dfrac{c+2a}{9}.b\ge\dfrac{2b^2}{3}\\\dfrac{c^3}{a+2b}+\dfrac{a+2b}{9}.c\ge\dfrac{2c^2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-1\)
Mà \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca=3\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge1\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
2. Sử dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(LHS\ge\sum_{cyc}\dfrac{a^4}{ab+2ca}\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{3}=\dfrac{3}{3}=1\)Vậy ta có điều phải chứng minh