Cho ba số a,b,c thỏa mãn a+b+c= 4 và ab+bc+ca=5
Chứng minh rằng : \(\frac{2}{3}\) \(\le\) a \(\le\) 2.
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Theo hệ quả của bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3\ge ab+bc+ac\)
\(\Rightarrow3+c^2\ge ab+bc+ac+c^2=\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{3+c^2}\ge\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ab}{\sqrt{c^2+3}}\le\frac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)
Thiết lập tương tự ta có \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{bc}{\sqrt{a^2+3}}\le\frac{bc}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\\\frac{ac}{\sqrt{b^2+3}}\le\frac{ac}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\frac{bc}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\frac{ac}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}=\sqrt{\frac{a^2b^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\frac{\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}}{2}\)
Tượng tự ta có \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{bc}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\le\frac{\frac{bc}{a+c}+\frac{bc}{a+b}}{2}\\\frac{ac}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\frac{\frac{ac}{a+b}+\frac{ac}{b+c}}{2}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{\left(\frac{bc}{a+b}+\frac{ac}{a+b}\right)+\left(\frac{ac}{b+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}\right)+\left(\frac{bc}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{a+c}\right)}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{a+b+c}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\) ( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Ta có BĐT \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{2}\left(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\le\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\frac{1}{3}\cdot9=3\)
Khi đó áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\frac{ab}{\sqrt{c^2+3}}=\frac{ab}{\sqrt{c^2+ab+bc+ca}}=\frac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}\right)\). Tương tự cũng có:
\(\frac{bc}{\sqrt{a^2+3}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{bc}{a+b}+\frac{bc}{a+c}\right);\frac{ca}{\sqrt{b^2+3}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{ca}{a+b}+\frac{ca}{b+c}\right)\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VT\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{bc+ca}{a+b}+\frac{bc+ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab+ca}{b+c}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Cách 1:
BĐT \(\Leftrightarrow7\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\le2\left(a+b+c\right)^3+9abc\)
\(VP-VT=\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c+a\right)\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)
Ta có đpcm. Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Cách 2:
Đặt \(\left(a+b+c;ab+bc+ca;abc\right)=\left(3u;3v^2;w^3\right)\) thì 3u = 1. Chú ý \(\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\ge\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\Rightarrow3u^2\ge3v^2\Rightarrow u^2\ge v^2\)
Cần chứng minh: \(21v^2\le2+9w^3\Leftrightarrow63uv^2\le54u^3+9w^3\)
\(RHS-LHS=9\left(w^3+3u^3-4uv^2\right)+27u\left(u^2-v^2\right)\ge0\)
Đúng theo BĐT Schur bậc 3.
P/s: Em không chắc ở cách 2.
\(\frac{a}{\sqrt{1+a^2}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{1+b^2}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{1+c^2}}\)
\(=\frac{a}{\sqrt{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+a^2}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+b^2}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+c^2}}\)
\(=\frac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+a}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+a}+\frac{c}{c+b}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
a=2/3 ,...,2
**** cho minh di xin do