cho A = 1/3+1/3^2+1/3^3+...+1/3^2016
chứng tỏ A < 1/2
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\(A< \frac{1}{4.5}+\frac{1}{5.6}+\frac{1}{6.7}+....+\frac{1}{99.100}\)
\(A< \frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{100}\)
\(A< \frac{6}{25}< \frac{1}{4}\)
\(A=3+3^2+...+3^{2016}\)
\(A=\left(3+3^2\right)+\left(3^3+3^4\right)+...+\left(3^{2015}+3^{2016}\right)\)
\(A=3\cdot\left(1+3\right)+3^3\cdot\left(1+3\right)+...+3^{2015}\cdot\left(1+3\right)\)
\(A=4\cdot\left(3+3^3+...+3^{2015}\right)\)
Vậy A chia hết cho 4
_____________
\(A=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{2016}\)
\(A=\left(3+3^2+3^3\right)+...+\left(3^{2014}+3^{2015}+3^{2016}\right)\)
\(A=3\cdot\left(1+3+9\right)+3^4\cdot\left(1+3+9\right)+...+3^{2014}\cdot\left(1+3+9\right)\)
\(A=13\cdot\left(3+3^4+...+3^{2014}\right)\)
Vậy A chia hết cho 13
\(A=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2016}}\)
\(2A=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2015}}\)
\(2A-A=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2015}}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2016}}\right)\)
\(A=1-\frac{1}{2^{2016}}< 1\)
\(\frac{1}{3}A=\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^3+...+\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^{2017}\)
\(A-\frac{1}{3}A=\frac{1}{3}-\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^{2017}\)
\(A=\frac{2}{3}\left[\frac{1}{3}-\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^{2017}\right]\)
\(A=\frac{2}{9}-\frac{2}{3}.\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^{2017}\)
\(\frac{2}{9}< \frac{1}{2};\frac{2}{3}.\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^{2017}>0\Rightarrow A< \frac{1}{2}\)