\(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{c^2+d^2}\ge\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)^2+\left(b+d\right)^2}\)
cm BĐT trên
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Ta chứng minh: \(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{c^2+d^2}\ge\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)^2+\left(b+d\right)^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+2\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(c^2+d^2\right)}\ge\left(a+c\right)^2+\left(b+d\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(c^2+d^2\right)}\ge ac+bd\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(c^2+d^2\right)\ge\left(ac+bd\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b^2-2abcd+c^2d^2=\left(ab-cd\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
Tương tự cho \(\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)^2+\left(b+d\right)}^2,\sqrt{m^2+n^2}\), chứng minh được:
\(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{c^2+d^2}+\sqrt{m^2+n^2}\ge\sqrt{\left(a+c+n\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(b+d+n\right)^2}\)(BDT Minkowski)
\(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{c^2+d^2}\ge\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)^2+\left(b+d\right)^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+2\sqrt{a^2+b^2}\sqrt{c^2+d^2}\ge\left(a+c\right)^2+\left(b+d\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{a^2+b^2}\sqrt{c^2+d^2}\ge2ac+2bd\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(c^2+d^2\right)\ge\left(ac+bd\right)^2\)
BĐT cuối đúng theo BĐT Bunhiacopski
Dấu "=" khi \(\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{d}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki:
\(\sqrt{\left(a^2+c^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\ge\sqrt{\left(ac+bc\right)^2}=ac+bc\)
CMTT : \(\sqrt{\left(a^2+d^2\right)\left(b^2+d^2\right)}\ge ad+bd\)
Ta có :\(\sqrt{\left(a^2+c^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}+\sqrt{\left(a^2+d^2\right)\left(b^2+d^2\right)}\ge ac+bc+ad+bd=\left(a+b\right)\left(c+d\right)\)
\(\sqrt{a^2+c^2}+\sqrt{b^2+d^2}\ge\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(c+d\right)^2}\)
Cần CM : \(\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(c+d\right)^2}\ge\left|a+b\right|-\left|c+d\right|\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(c+d\right)^2\ge\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(c+d\right)^2-2\left|\left(a+b\right)\left(c+d\right)\right|\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left|\left(a+b\right)\left(c+d\right)\right|\ge0\) ( luôn đúng \(\forall\left|a+b\right|\ge\left|c+d\right|\) )
Do đó \(VT\ge\left|a+b\right|-\left|c+d\right|=\left(\sqrt{\left|a+b\right|}\right)^2-\left(\sqrt{\left|c+d\right|}\right)^2\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{\left|a+b\right|}+\sqrt{\left|c+d\right|}\right)\left(\sqrt{\left|a+b\right|}-\sqrt{\left|c+d\right|}\right)\)
\(\ge2\sqrt[4]{\left|a+b\right|.\left|c+d\right|}\left(\sqrt{\left|a+b\right|}-\sqrt{\left|c+d\right|}\right)\)
\(=2\left(\sqrt[4]{\left|a+b\right|^3.\left|c+d\right|}-\sqrt[4]{\left|a+b\right|.\left|c+d\right|^3}\right)\) ( đpcm )
.
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Mincoxki ta có
\(\sqrt{a^2+c^2}+\sqrt{b^2+d^2}\ge\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(c+d\right)^2}\)
Buniacoxki \(\sqrt{\left(\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(c+d\right)^2\right)\left(1+1\right)}\ge|a+b|+|c+d|\)
Khi đó cần Cm
\(|a+b|+|c+d|\ge2\left(\sqrt{|a+b|^3|c+d|}-\sqrt{|c+d|^3|a+b|}\right)\)
Đặt \(\sqrt[4]{|a+b|}=x,\sqrt[4]{|c+d|}=y\left(x,y\ge0\right)\)
Cần Cm \(x^4+y^4\ge2\left(x^3y-xy^3\right)\left(1\right)\)
<=> \(x^3\left(x-2y\right)+y^4+2xy^3\ge0\left(2\right)\)
+ Nếu \(x\ge2y\)=> BĐT được CM
+ Nếu \(x\le2y\)
(1) <=> \(x^4+y^4+2xy^3\ge2x^3y\)
Mà \(x^4+x^2y^2\ge2x^3y\)
=> Cần CM \(y^4+2xy^3-x^2y^2\ge0\)
<=> \(y^4+xy^2\left(2y-x\right)\ge0\)luôn đúng do \(x\le2y\)
=> BĐT được CM
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c=d=0
Bđt Bu-nhia-cop-xki \(\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(ax+by\right)^2\), đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(ay=bx\)
a.
\(\left(2x+3y\right)^2=\left(\sqrt{2}.\sqrt{2}x+\sqrt{3}.\sqrt{3}y\right)^2\le\left(2+3\right)\left(2x^2+3y^2\right)=5^2\)
\(\Rightarrow-5\le2x+3y\le5\)
b.
\(\sqrt{a+c}.\sqrt{b+c}+\sqrt{a-c}.\sqrt{b-c}\le\sqrt{a+c+a-c}.\sqrt{b+c+b-c}\)
\(=\sqrt{2a}.\sqrt{2b}=2\sqrt{ab}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(\frac{\sqrt{a+c}}{\sqrt{a-c}}=\frac{\sqrt{b+c}}{\sqrt{b-c}}\), hay \(a=b\)
Thử lại với a = b thì \(VT=2a=2\sqrt{ab}=VP>\sqrt{ab}\) nên đề đã ra sai vế phải của bđt.
c.
bđt \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{2}\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]\ge0\)
d.
bđt \(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+c\right)^2+\left(b+d\right)^2\le a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+2\sqrt{a^2+b^2}\sqrt{c^2+d^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ac+bd\le\sqrt{a^2+b^2}.\sqrt{c^2+d^2}\)
bđt trên luôn đúng vì theo bđt Bu-nhia-cop-xki, ta có:
\(\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(c^2+d^2\right)}\ge\sqrt{\left(ac+bd\right)^2}=\left|ac+bd\right|\ge ac+bd\)
Ta có \(\left(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{c^2+d^2}\right)^2\)\(\ge\)\(\left(a+c\right)^2+\left(b+d\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+2\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(c^2+d^2\right)}\)\(\ge\)\(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\)\(+2\left(ac+bd\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(c^2+d^2\right)}\)\(\ge\)\(ac+bd\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(c^2+d^2\right)\)\(\ge\)\(\left(ac+bd\right)^2\)(*)
Vì (*) luôn đúng theo bđt bunhia copxki \(\Rightarrow\)đpcm
dấu ''='' xảy ra khi a/c=b/d
Cái này là Mincopxki rồi bạn. `
Mincopxki: \(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{c^2+d^2}\ge\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)^2+\left(b+d\right)^2}\)