Tìm GTNN của biểu thức sau:
B=3x2 + y2 + 4x - y.
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\(B=y^2-y+1\)
\(=y^2-2\cdot y\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{4}+1\)
\(=\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Ta thấy: \(\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall y\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\forall y\)
Dấu \("="\) xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow y-\dfrac{1}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(B_{min}=\dfrac{3}{4}\) khi \(y=\dfrac{1}{2}\).
\(---\)
\(C=x^2-4x+y^2-y+5\)
\(=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+\left(y^2-y+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(=\left(x^2-2\cdot x\cdot2+2^2\right)+\left[y^2-2\cdot y\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\right]+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Ta thấy: \(\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall y\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x;y\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\forall x;y\)
Dấu \("="\) xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\y-\dfrac{1}{2}=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(C_{min}=\dfrac{3}{4}\) khi \(x=2;y=\dfrac{1}{2}\).
\(Toru\)
\(B=y^2-y+1\)
\(=y^2-2.y.\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}=\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Vì \(\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall y\Rightarrow B\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(C=x^2-4x+y^2-y+5\)
\(=x^2-4x+4+y^2-y+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\)
Vì \(\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(a,M=x^2-4x+5=\left(x-2\right)^2+5\\ \Rightarrow M\ge5\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
\(b,N=y^2-y-3=\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{13}{4}\\ \Rightarrow N\ge-\dfrac{13}{4} \)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(P=x^2+y^2-4x+y+7=\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{11}{4}\\ \Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{11}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=-\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
a: M=x^2-4x+4+1
=(x-2)^2+1>=1
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=2
b: N=y^2-y+1/4-13/4
=(y-1/2)^2-13/4>=-13/4
Dấu = xảy ra khi y=1/2
c: P=x^2-4x+4+y^2+y+1/4+11/4
=(x-2)^2+(y+1/2)^2+11/4>=11/4
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=2 và y=-1/2
Áp dụng Bunyakovsky, ta có :
\(\left(1+1\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(x.1+y.1\right)^2=1\)
=> \(\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
=> \(Min_C=\frac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
Mấy cái kia tương tự
Câu 2:
ĐKXĐ: x<>0
\(B=\dfrac{-x^2-x-1}{x^2}\)
\(=-1-\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{1}{x^2}\)
\(=-\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{x}+1\right)\)
\(=-\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+2\cdot\dfrac{1}{x}\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\right)\)
\(=-\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{3}{4}< =-\dfrac{3}{4}\forall x< >0\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi 1/x+1/2=0
=>1/x=-1/2
=>x=-2
a, xem lại đề
\(b,x^2-4x+y^2-6y+1\\ =\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+\left(y^2-6y+9\right)-12\\ =\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2-12\ge-12\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy ...
\(c,x^2-4xy+5y^2-2y+5\\ =\left(x^2-4xy+4y^2\right)+\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+4\\ =\left(x-2y\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+4\ge4\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy ...
a,
b,x2−4x+y2−6y+1=(x2−4x+4)+(y2−6y+9)−12=(x−2)2+(y−3)2−12≥−12b,x2−4x+y2−6y+1=(x2−4x+4)+(y2−6y+9)−12=(x−2)2+(y−3)2−12≥−12
Dấu "=" xảy ra⇔{x=2y=3⇔{x=2y=3
Vậy ...
c,x2−4xy+5y2−2y+5=(x2−4xy+4y2)+(y2−2y+1)+4=(x−2y)2+(y−1)2+4≥4c,x2−4xy+5y2−2y+5=(x2−4xy+4y2)+(y2−2y+1)+4=(x−2y)2+(y−1)2+4≥4
Dấu "=" xảy ra⇔{x=2y=1⇔{x=2y=1
Vậy ...
\(A=x^2+y^2-8x-y+68=\left(x-4\right)^2+\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{207}{4}\ge\dfrac{207}{4}\)
\(minA=\dfrac{207}{4}\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\y=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(A=x^2-8x+y^2-y+68\)
\(=x^2-8x+16+y^2-y+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{207}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-4\right)^2+\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{207}{4}\ge\dfrac{207}{4}\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=4 và \(y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)