S=\(\frac{1}{1!}+\frac{1}{2!}+\frac{1}{3!}+...\frac{1}{2012!}\)
Chứng minh rằng: S<2
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S = \(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...\frac{1}{2^{2012}}+\frac{1}{2^{2013}}\)
2S = \(1+\frac{1}{2^1}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...\frac{1}{2^{2011}}+\frac{1}{2^{2012}}\)
S = 2S - S = \(\left(1+\frac{1}{2^1}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...\frac{1}{2^{2011}}+\frac{1}{2^{2012}}\right)\) - \(\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...\frac{1}{2^{2012}}+\frac{1}{2^{2013}}\right)\)
S = 1 - \(\frac{1}{2013}\)
Vì 1 trừ cho số nào lớn hơn 0 thì hiệu đó cũng bé hơn 1
=> S < 1 (đpcm)
S=\(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2013}}\)
2S=\(1+\frac{1}{2^1}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2012}}\)
S=2S-S=(\(1+\frac{1}{2^1}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2012}}\))-(\(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2013}}\))
S=1-\(\frac{1}{2013}\)
Vì 1 trừ cho số nào lớn hơn 0 thì hiệu đó cũng bé hơn 1
=>S<1
Giả sử có tấm bìa diện tích 1.
Ta cắt ra 1/2 tấm bìa, lấy đi 1 phần, rồi lại cắt ra 1/2 tấm còn lại (tức là 1/4), rồi lấy đi một phần...
Cứ làm như vậy 2013 lần thì ta đã lấy đi một diện tích \(S\), nhưng vẫn còn một góc bìa chưa bị lấy đi.
Vậy \(S< 1\)
a, \(A=1+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{100^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1+\frac{1}{1\cdot2}+\frac{1}{2\cdot3}+\frac{1}{3\cdot4}+...+\frac{1}{99\cdot100}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1+\left(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{99}-\frac{1}{100}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1+\left(1-\frac{1}{100}\right)\Rightarrow A< 1+1-\frac{1}{100}\Rightarrow A< 2-\frac{1}{100}\Rightarrow A< 2\left(ĐPCM\right)\)
b, \(B=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{2012^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow B< \frac{1}{1\cdot2}+\frac{1}{2\cdot3}+\frac{1}{3\cdot4}+...+\frac{1}{2011\cdot2012}\)
\(\Rightarrow B< 1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2011}-\frac{1}{2012}\)
\(\Rightarrow B< 1-\frac{1}{2012}\Rightarrow B< 1\left(1\right)\)
\(B=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{2012^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow B>\frac{1}{2\cdot3}+\frac{1}{3\cdot4}+\frac{1}{4\cdot5}+...+\frac{1}{2012\cdot2013}\)
\(\Rightarrow B>\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{2012}-\frac{1}{2013}\)
\(\Rightarrow B>\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2013}\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2013}< B\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) => \(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2013}< B< 1\)
a)A=1+1/22+1/32+....+1/1002
<1+1/1.2+1/2.3+...+1/99.100=1+1-1/2+1/2-1/3+...+1/99-1/100=2-1/100=199/200<2
b)B=1/22+1/32+...+1/20122
<1/1.2+1/2.3+...+1/2011.2012=1-1/2+1/2-1/3+...+1/2011-1/2012=1-1/2012=2011/2012
1/2-1/2013=2011/4026<2011/2012<1
\(S=1+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{1012^2}\)
\(S=1+\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{9}+...+\frac{1}{1024144}\right)\)
\(S=1+\left(\frac{1}{2\cdot2}+\frac{1}{3\cdot3}+...+\frac{1}{2012\cdot2012}\right)\)
\(S=1+\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2012}-\frac{1}{2012}\right)\)
\(S=1+\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2012}\right)\)
\(S=1+\frac{1005}{2012}\)
\(S=\frac{3017}{2012}\)
\(S=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{20}}\)
\(\Rightarrow2S=1+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{19}}\)
\(\Rightarrow2S-S=\left(1+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{19}}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{20}}\right)\)
\(S=1-\frac{2}{2^{20}}\)
\(\Rightarrow S< 1\left(đpcm\right)\)
Ta có :\(S=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{20}}\)
\(S=\frac{1\cdot2^{19}}{2\cdot2^{19}}+\frac{1\cdot2^{18}}{2^2\cdot2^{18}}+\frac{1\cdot2^{17}}{2^3\cdot2^{17}}+...+\frac{1\cdot2}{2^{19}\cdot2}+\frac{1}{2^{20}}\)
\(S=\frac{2^{19}}{2^{20}}+\frac{2^{18}}{2^{20}}+\frac{2^{17}}{2^{20}}+...+\frac{2}{2^{20}}+\frac{1}{2^{20}}\)
\(S=\frac{2^{19}+2^{18}+2^{17}+...+2^1+1}{2^{20}}\)
\(S=\frac{2^0+2^1+2^2+...+2^{19}}{2^{20}}\)
Xét: Gọi \(N=2^0+2^1+2^2+...+2^{19}\)
\(2\cdot N=2^1\cdot2^2\cdot2^3\cdot...\cdot2^{20}\)
\(2\cdot N-N=\left(2^1+2^2+2^3+...+2^{20}\right)-\left(2^0+2^1+2^2+...+2^{19}\right)\)
\(N=2^{20}-2^0\)
Thay N vào S, ta có :
\(S=\frac{2^{20}-2^0}{2^{20}}\)
\(S=\frac{2^{20}}{2^{20}}-\frac{1}{2^{20}}\)
\(S=1-\frac{1}{2^{20}}\)
Vì \(1-\frac{1}{2^{20}}< 1\Rightarrow S< 1\left(Đpcm\right).\)
Vậy : \(S< 1.\)