Cho x + y = 2. Tìm min x2 + y2
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\(P=\dfrac{x^2-6xy+6y^2}{x^2-2xy+y^2}=\dfrac{-3\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+4x^2-12xy+9y^2}{x^2-2xy+y^2}\)
\(=-3+\left(\dfrac{2x-3y}{x-y}\right)^2\ge-3\)
\(P_{min}=-3\) khi \(2x=3y\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
$A\geq \frac{9}{x+2+y+2+z+2}=\frac{9}{x+y+z+6}$
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
$(x^2+y^2+z^2)(1+1+1)\geq (x+y+z)^2$
$\Rightarrow 9\geq (x+y+z)^2\Rightarrow x+y+z\leq 3$
$\Rightarrow A\geq \frac{9}{x+y+z+6}\geq \frac{9}{3+6}=1$
Vậy $A_{\min}=1$. Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $x=y=z=1$
\(1,Sửa:A=4x^4+4x^2y+y^2+2=\left(2x^2+y\right)^2+2\ge2\\ A_{min}=2\Leftrightarrow2x^2+y=0\Leftrightarrow x^2=-\dfrac{y}{2}\\ 2,B=\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2+12\ge12\\ B_{min}=12\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-y=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{2}\ge xy\Rightarrow-xy\ge-\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow4=x^2+y^2-xy\ge x^2+y^2-\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{2}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2\le8\)
\(C_{max}=8\) khi \(x=y=\pm2\)
\(x^2+y^2\ge-2xy\Rightarrow-xy\le\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{2}\)
\(4=x^2+y^2-xy\le x^2+y^2+\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2\ge\dfrac{8}{3}\)
\(C_{min}=\dfrac{8}{3}\) khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}};\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\right);\left(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}};-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\right)\)
\(\left(x^2+9\right)+\left(y^2+9\right)+3\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge6x+6y+6xy=90\)
\(\Rightarrow4\left(x^2+y^2\right)+18\ge90\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2\ge18\)
\(P_{min}=18\) khi \(x=y=3\)
\(x+y+xy=15\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\le15\\y\le15\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\left(x-15\right)\le0\\y\left(y-15\right)\le0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2\le15x+15y\) (1)
Cũng từ đó ta có: \(\left(x-15\right)\left(y-15\right)\ge0\Rightarrow xy\ge15x+15y-225\)
\(\Rightarrow16x+16y-225\le x+y+xy=15\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y\le15\) (2)
(1);(2) \(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2\le15.15=225\)
\(P_{max}=225\) khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(0;15\right);\left(15;0\right)\)
\(\dfrac{M}{3}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2-xy}{x^2+y^2+xy}=\dfrac{3\left(x^2+y^2+xy\right)-2\left(x^2+y^2+2xy\right)}{x^2+y^2+xy}=3-\dfrac{2\left(x+y\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+xy}\le3\)
\(\Rightarrow M\le9\)
\(M_{max}=9\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0\\x^2+y^2+xy=3\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left(x;y\right)=\left(-\sqrt{3};\sqrt{3}\right);\left(\sqrt{3};-\sqrt{3}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{M}{3}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2-xy}{x^2+y^2+xy}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{3}\left(x^2+y^2+xy\right)+\dfrac{2}{3}\left(x^2+y^2-2xy\right)}{x^2+y^2+xy}=\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{2\left(x-y\right)^2}{3\left(x^2+y^2+xy\right)}\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow M\ge1\)
\(M_{min}=1\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y=0\\x^2+y^2+xy=3\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x=y=\pm1\)
Do \(x^2+y^2=1\Rightarrow-1\le x;y\le1\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y+1\ge0\\1-y\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y^2\left(y+1\right)\ge0\\y^2\left(1-y\right)\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y^3\ge-y^2\\y^3\le y^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Với mọi số thực x ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+1\right)^2\ge0\\\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x\ge-x^2-1\\2x\le x^2+1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Do đó: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}P=2x+y^3\ge-x^2-1-y^2=-2\\P=2x+y^3\le x^2+1+y^2=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(P_{min}=-2\) khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(-1;0\right)\)
\(P_{max}=2\) khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;0\right)\)
x + y = 2 => x = 2 - y => x2 = (2 - y)2 => x2 = 4 - 4y + y2
=> A = x2 + y2 = 4 - 4y + 2y2 = 2(y2 - 2y +1) + 2 = 2*(y - 1)2 + 2 >= 2 với mọi y
Vậy min A = 2 khi y = 1; x = 1.