Cho FeO tác dụng vừa đủ với 29,2 gam axit clohiđric (HCl), thu được sắt (II) Clorua (FeCl2) và nước.
a. Tính khối lượng FeO cần dùng.
b. Tính khối lượng các chất thu được sau phản ứng ?
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a) $n_{Mg} = \dfrac{4,8}{24} = 0,2(mol)$
$Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{HCl} = 2n_{Mg} = 0,4(mol) \Rightarrow m_{HCl} = 0,4.36,5 = 14,6(gam)$
b)
$n_{MgCl_2} = n_{Mg} = 0,2(mol) \Rightarrow m_{MgCl_2} = 0,2.95 = 19(gam)$
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 0,2.......0,4........0,2.........0,2\left(mol\right)\\ a.m_{HCl}=0,4.36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\\ b.m_{MgCl_2}=0,2.95=19\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{7,2}{24}=0,3\left(mol\right);n_{HCl}=\dfrac{29,2}{36,5}=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\\ a,Vì:\dfrac{0,3}{1}< \dfrac{0,8}{2}\Rightarrow HCldư\\ n_{H_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,8-0,3.2=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\ b,m_{MgCl_2}=0,3.95=28,5\left(g\right)\\ m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,2.36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\)
a) \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{7,2}{24}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{29.2}{36,5}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH : 2Mg + 2HCl -> 2MgCl + H2
Xét tỉ lệ \(\dfrac{0,3}{2}< \dfrac{0,8}{2}\)
=> HCl dư
=> \(V_{H_2}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\)
=> \(V_{MgCl}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
b) \(m_{H_2}=0,075.2=0,15\left(g\right)\\ m_{MgCl}=0,15.59,5=8,925\left(g\right)\)
a.b.
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2,8}{56}=0,05mol\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
0,05 0,1 0,05 ( mol )
\(V_{H_2}=0,05.22,4=1,12l\)
\(m_{HCl}=0,1.36,5=3,65g\)
c.
\(CuO+H_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)Cu+H_2O\)
0,05 0,05 ( mol )
\(m_{Cu}=0,05.64=3,2g\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{28}{56}=0,5mol\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
0,5 1 0,5
\(V_{H_2}=0,5\cdot22,4=11,2l\)
\(m_{HCl}=1\cdot36,5=36,5g\)
`a)PTHH:`
`Fe + 2HCl -> FeCl_2 + H_2`
`0,3` `0,6` `0,3` `0,3` `(mol)`
`n_[Fe]=[22,4]/56=0,4(mol)`
`n_[HCl]=0,3.2=0,6(mol)`
Ta có:`[0,4]/1 > [0,6]/2`
`=>Fe` dư
`b)m_[FeCl_2]=0,3.127=38,1(g)`
`c)m_[Fe(dư)]=(0,4-0,3).56=5,6(g)`
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{22,4}{56}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,3.2=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
Xét: \(\dfrac{0,4}{1}>\dfrac{0,6}{2}\) ( mol )
0,3 0,6 0,3 ( mol )
\(m_{FeCl_2}=0,3.127=38,1\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Fe\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,4-0,3\right).56=5,6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{28}{56}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Fe+2HCl->FeCl_2+H_2\)
ti le 1 : 2 : 1 : 1
n(mol) 0,5-->1--------->0,5------>0,5
\(m_{FeCl_2}=n\cdot M=0,5\cdot\left(56+35,5\cdot2\right)=63,5\left(g\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(dktc\right)}=n\cdot22,4=0,5\cdot22,4=11,2\left(l\right)\)
BTKL: \(m_{Fe}+m_{HCl}=m_{muối}+m_{H_2}\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=5,6+7,3-12,7=0,2\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{29,2}{36,5}=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ FeO+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2O\\ n_{FeO}=n_{FeCl_2}=n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{0,8}{2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ a,m_{FeO}=72.0,4=28,8\left(g\right)\\ b,C1:m_{sp}=m_{FeO}+m_{HCl}=28,8+29,2=58\left(g\right)\\ C2:m_{sp}=m_{FeCl_2}+m_{H_2O}=127.0,4+18.0,4=58\left(g\right)\)
\(a.n_{HCl}=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ FeO+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2O\\ n_{FeO}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ m_{FeO}=0,4.72=28,8\left(g\right)\\ b.n_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ m_{FeCl_2}=0,4.127=50,8\left(g\right)\\ n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{H_2O}=0,4.18=7,2\left(g\right)\)