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\(a) n_{Na_2CO_3} = \dfrac{2,12}{106} = 0,02(mol) ; n_{HCl} = 0,5.0,1 = 0,05(mol)\\ Na_2CO_3 + 2HCl \to 2NaCl + CO_2 + H_2O\\ Vì :2n_{Na_2CO_3} = 0,04 < n_{HCl} = 0,05\ nên\ HCl\ \text{dư}\\ n_{CO_2} = n_{Na_2CO_3} = 0,02(mol)\\ V_{CO_2} = 0,02.22,4 = 0,448(lít)\\ b) n_{HCl\ dư} = n_{HCl\ ban\ đầu} - 2n_{Na_2CO_3} = 0,05 -0,02.2 = 0,01(mol)\\ n_{NaCl} = 2n_{Na_2CO_3} = 0,02.2 = 0,04(mol)\\ C_{M_{HCl}} = \dfrac{0,01}{0,5} = 0,02M\\ C_{M_{NaCl}} = \dfrac{0,04}{0,5} = 0,08M\)
PTHH: \(K_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2KCl+CO_2\uparrow+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200\cdot7,3\%}{36,5}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{K_2CO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{KCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddK_2CO_3}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot138}{13,8\%}=200\left(g\right)\\V_{CO_2}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\m_{KCl}=0,4\cdot74,5=29,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{HCl}=0,2.2,5=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,5}{2}\Rightarrow HCl.dư\\ n_{H_2}=n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,5-0,2.2=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ a,V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\ b,V_{ddsau}=V_{ddHCl}=0,2\left(l\right)\\ C_{MddFeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1\left(M\right);C_{MddHCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2.8}{56}=0.05\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
a) Chất tan : FeSO4
Chất khí : H2
\(m_{FeSO_4}=0.05\cdot152=7.6\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.05\cdot22.4=1.12\left(l\right)\)
R + 2nHCl -> R(Cl)n + nH2
Ở đây để ý là khối lượng muối - khối lượng kim loại chính là khối lượng clo có trong axit. mCl = 5.71-5 = 0.71(g)
-> nCl = 0.02(mol) = 2nH2 -> nH2 = 0.01 -> VH2 = 0.224(l)
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
0,2-->0,4----->0,2------->0,2
a
\(V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
b
\(CM_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1M\)
c
\(MgCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Mg\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl\)
0,2------>0,4
\(V_{dd.NaOH}=\dfrac{0,4}{2}=0,2\left(l\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
a, \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
b, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,2}=2\left(M\right)\)
c, PT: \(HCl+KOH\rightarrow KCl+H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{KOH}=n_{HCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{0,4.56}{5,6\%}=400\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{400}{1,045}\approx382,78\left(ml\right)\)
\(n_{K_2CO_3}=\dfrac{4.14}{138}=0.03\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0.2\cdot0.35=0.07\left(mol\right)\)
\(K_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2KCl+CO_2+H_2O\)
\(0.03..........0.06.........0.06.......0.03\)
\(V_{CO_2}=0.03\cdot22.4=0.672\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0.07-0.06=0.01\left(mol\right)\)
\(C_{M_{HCl\left(dư\right)}}=\dfrac{0.01}{0.2}=0.05\left(M\right)\)
\(C_{M_{KCl}}=\dfrac{0.06}{0.2}=0.3\left(M\right)\)