choA=1/2*3/4*5/6*........*79/80
chứng minh rằng A<1/9
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*Có : 52 < 5.6 => \(\frac{1}{5^2}>\frac{1}{5.6}\)
62 < 6.7 =>\(\frac{1}{6^2}>\frac{1}{6.7}\)
....
1002 < 100 . 101 => \(\frac{1}{100^2}>\frac{1}{100.101}\)
Cộng từng vế có :
\(\frac{1}{5^2}+\frac{1}{6^2}+...+\frac{1}{100^2}>\frac{1}{5.6}+\frac{1}{6.7}+...+\frac{1}{100.101}\)
\(A>\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{6}-\frac{1}{7}+...\frac{1}{100}-\frac{1}{101}\)
\(A>\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{101}\)
Mà \(\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{101}=\frac{101-5}{105}=\frac{96}{505}\)
=> \(A>\frac{96}{505}\)
Mà \(\frac{1}{6}=\frac{96}{576}< \frac{96}{505}\)
=> \(A>\frac{1}{6}\)(1)
*Có 52 > 5.4 => \(\frac{1}{5^2}< \frac{1}{5.4}\)
.......
1002 > 100.99 => \(\frac{1}{100^2}< \frac{1}{100.99}\)
Cộng từng vế có :
........ => A < \(\frac{96}{400}\)
Có \(\frac{1}{4}=\frac{100}{400}>\frac{96}{400}\)
=> A < \(\frac{1}{4}\)(2)
Từ (1)(2) => đpcm
\(\text{Ta thấy :}\)
\(\frac{1}{5^2}>\frac{1}{5.6}\)
\(\frac{1}{6^2}>\frac{1}{6.7}\)
\(......................................\)
\(\frac{1}{100^2}>\frac{1}{100.101}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{1}{5^2}+\frac{1}{6^2}+...+\frac{1}{100^2}>\frac{1}{5.6}+\frac{1}{6.7}+...+\frac{1}{100.101}\)
\(\Rightarrow A>\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{6}-\frac{1}{7}+...\frac{1}{100}-\frac{1}{101}\)
\(\Rightarrow A>\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{101}=\frac{101-5}{105}=\frac{96}{505}>\frac{96}{576}=\frac{1}{6}\)
\(\Rightarrow A>\frac{1}{6}\left(1\right)\)
\(\text{Lại thấy :}\)
\(\frac{1}{5^2}< \frac{1}{5.4}\)
\(\frac{1}{6^2}< \frac{1}{5.6}\)
\(..................................\)
\(\frac{1}{100^2}< \frac{1}{100.99}\)
\(\text{Tương tự như trên ta tính được }:\)
\(A< \frac{96}{400}< \frac{100}{400}=\frac{1}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \frac{1}{4}\left(2\right)\)
\(\text{Từ (1) và (2)}\Rightarrow\frac{1}{6}< A< \frac{1}{4}\)
Đặt \(A=\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{6}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{79}+\sqrt{80}}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}>\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}>\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{5}}\right)\)
...
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{79}+\sqrt{80}}>\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{79}+\sqrt{80}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{80}+\sqrt{81}}\right)\)
Cộng các bất đẳng thức trên lại với nhau, ta được:
\(A>\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{80}+\sqrt{81}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A>\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{\sqrt{2}-1}{2-1}+\frac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{3-2}+...+\frac{\sqrt{81}-\sqrt{80}}{81-80}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A>\frac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{2}-1+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+...+\sqrt{81}-\sqrt{80}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A>\frac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{81}-1\right)=\frac{1}{2}\cdot\left(9-1\right)=\frac{1}{2}\cdot8=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A>4\)(đpcm)
\(A=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{3}{4}.\frac{5}{6}...\frac{79}{80}\)
\(A< \frac{2}{3}.\frac{4}{5}.\frac{6}{7}...\frac{80}{81}\)
\(A^2< \frac{1}{2}.\frac{2}{3}.\frac{3}{4}.\frac{4}{5}.\frac{5}{6}.\frac{6}{7}...\frac{79}{80}.\frac{80}{81}\)
\(A^2< \frac{1}{81}=\left(\frac{1}{9}\right)^2\)
=> \(A< \frac{1}{9}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{2}\)= 1- \(\frac{1}{2}\) < 1- \(\frac{1}{3}\)=\(\frac{2}{3}\)
\(\frac{3}{4}\)= 1- \(\frac{1}{4}\) < 1- \(\frac{1}{5}\) = \(\frac{4}{5}\)
...
\(\frac{79}{80}\) = 1- \(\frac{1}{80}\) < 1- \(\frac{1}{81}\)= \(\frac{80}{81}\)
Từ trên, ta có:
A= \(\frac{1}{2}\). \(\frac{3}{4}\). \(\frac{5}{6}\)...\(\frac{79}{80}\)< \(\frac{2}{3}\). \(\frac{4}{5}\). \(\frac{6}{7}\)...\(\frac{80}{81}\)
A2 < \(\left(\frac{2}{3}.\frac{4}{5}.\frac{6}{7}...\frac{80}{81}\right)\). \(\left(\frac{1}{2}.\frac{3}{4}.\frac{5}{6}...\frac{79}{80}\right)\)
A2 < \(\frac{1}{2}.\frac{2}{3}.\frac{3}{4}...\frac{79}{80}.\frac{80}{81}\)
A2 <\(\frac{1.\left(2.3.4...79.80\right)}{\left(2.3.4...79.80\right).81}\)
A2 < \(\frac{1}{81}\) =\(\left(\frac{1}{9}\right)^2\)
A < \(\frac{1}{9}\) (đpcm)
Vậy A< \(\frac{1}{9}\)
A = 2 + 22 + 23 + ...+ 230
A = ( 2 + 22 ) + ( 23 + 24 ) + ....+ ( 229 + 230 )
A = 2(1+2) + 23(1+2) + ....+ 229(1+2)
A = 2.3 + 23 . 3 + ...+ 229.3
A = 3(2+23 + ...+ 229) \(⋮\) 3
Vậy A chia hết cho 3