Cho ba số x,y,z thỏa mãn: \(\dfrac{x}{2018}=\dfrac{y}{2019}=\dfrac{z}{2020}\)
CMR: \(\left(x-z\right)^3=8\left(x-y\right)^2\left(y-z\right)\)
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Lời giải:
Đặt $\frac{x}{2018}=\frac{y}{2019}=\frac{z}{2020}=a$
$\Rightarrow x=2018a; y=2019a; z=2020a$
$\Rightarrow (x-z)^3=(2018a-2020a)^3=(-2a)^3=-8a^3(1)$
Mặt khác:
$8(x-y)^2(y-z)=8(2018a-2019a)^2(2019a-2020a)=8a^2.(-a)=-8a^3(2)$
Từ $(1); (2)$ ta có đpcm.
\(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^3+z^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)-3xyz=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-z\left(x+y\right)+z^2\right]-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z=0\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-z\\y+z=-x\\x+z=-y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(B=\dfrac{16.\left(-z\right)}{z}+\dfrac{3.\left(-x\right)}{x}-\dfrac{2019.\left(-y\right)}{y}=2019-19=2000\)
Thay $x=\sqrt{\frac{1}{2,5}}; y=z=\sqrt{\frac{1}{0,25}}$ ta thấy đề sai bạn nhé!
Áp dụng tc dtsbn:
\(\dfrac{x}{2013}=\dfrac{y}{2014}=\dfrac{z}{2015}=\dfrac{x-z}{-2}=\dfrac{y-z}{-1}=\dfrac{x-y}{-1}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-z}{2}=\dfrac{y-z}{1}=\dfrac{x-y}{1}\\ \Leftrightarrow x-z=2\left(y-z\right)=2\left(x-y\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-z\right)^3=8\left(x-y\right)^3=8\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x-y\right)=8\left(x-y\right)^2\left(y-z\right)\)
Hầy mình không nghĩ lớp 7 đã phải làm những bài biến đổi như thế này. Cái này phù hợp với lớp 8-9 hơn.
1.
Đặt $x^2-y^2=a; y^2-z^2=b; z^2-x^2=c$.
Khi đó: $a+b+c=0\Rightarrow a+b=-c$
$\text{VT}=a^3+b^3+c^3=(a+b)^3-3ab(a+b)+c^3$
$=(-c)^3-3ab(-c)+c^3=3abc$
$=3(x^2-y^2)(y^2-z^2)(z^2-x^2)$
$=3(x-y)(x+y)(y-z)(y+z)(z-x)(z+x)$
$=3(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)(x+y)(y+z)(x+z)$
$=3.4(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)=12(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)$
Ta có đpcm.
Bài 2:
Áp dụng kết quả của bài 1:
Mẫu:
$(x^2-y^2)^3+(y^2-z^2)^3+(z^2-x^2)^3=3(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)(x+y)(y+z)(z+x)=3(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)(1)$
Tử:
Đặt $x-y=a; y-z=b; z-x=c$ thì $a+b+c=0$
$(x-y)^3+(y-z)^3+(z-x)^3=a^3+b^3+c^3$
$=(a+b)^3-3ab(a+b)+c^3=(-c)^3-3ab(-c)+c^3=3abc$
$=3(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)(2)$
Từ $(1);(2)$ suy ra \(\frac{(x-y)^3+(y-z)^3+(z-x)^3}{(x^2-y^2)^3+(y^2-z^2)^3+(z^2-x^2)^3}=1\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho cặp số dương \(\dfrac{1}{\left(z+x\right)};\dfrac{1}{\left(z+y\right)}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(z+x\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(z+y\right)}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{1}{\sqrt[]{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt[]{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}}\le\dfrac{2xy}{z+x}+\dfrac{2xy}{z+y}\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự ta được
\(\dfrac{zx}{\sqrt[]{\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)}}\le\dfrac{2zx}{y+z}+\dfrac{2zx}{y+x}\left(2\right)\)
\(\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt[]{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}\le\dfrac{2yz}{x+y}+\dfrac{2yz}{x+z}\left(3\right)\)
\(\left(1\right)+\left(2\right)+\left(3\right)\) ta được :
\(P=\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt[]{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}+\dfrac{zx}{\sqrt[]{\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)}}+\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt[]{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}}\le\dfrac{2yz}{x+y}+\dfrac{2yz}{x+z}+\dfrac{2zx}{y+z}+\dfrac{2zx}{y+x}+\dfrac{2xy}{z+x}+\dfrac{2xy}{z+y}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le2\left(x+y+z\right)=2.3=6\)
\(\Rightarrow GTLN\left(P\right)=6\left(tạix=y=z=1\right)\)
Lời giải:
$\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{1}{x+y+z}$
$\Rightarrow (\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y})+(\frac{1}{z}-\frac{1}{x+y+z})=0$
$\Leftrightarrow \frac{x+y}{xy}+\frac{x+y}{z(x+y+z)}=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x+y)(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{z(x+y+z)})=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x+y).\frac{z(x+y+z)+xy}{xyz(x+y+z)}=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x+y).\frac{(z+x)(z+y)}{xyz(x+y+z)}=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x+y)(y+z)(x+z)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=-y$ hoặc $y=-z$ hoặc $z=-x$
Nếu $x=-y$ thì:
$P=\frac{3}{4}+[(-y)^8-y^8](y^9+z^9)(z^{10}-x^{10})=\frac{3}{4}+0.(y^9+z^9)(z^{10}-x^{10})=\frac{3}{4}$
Nếu $y=-z$ thì:
$P=\frac{3}{4}+(x^8-y^8)[(-z)^9+z^9](z^{10}-x^{10})=\frac{3}{4}+(x^8-y^8).0.(z^{10}-x^{10})=\frac{3}{4}$
Nếu $z=-x$ thì:
$P=\frac{3}{4}+(x^8-y^8)(y^9+z^9)[(-x)^{10}-x^{10}]=\frac{3}{4}+(x^8-y^8)(y^9+z^9).0=\frac{3}{4}$
Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{z}=a;\dfrac{y}{z}=b\).
Theo gt ta có \(a+b\le1\).
BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương:
\(a^2+b^2+\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{a^2}+\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}\ge \frac{21}{2}\).
Theo bđt AM - GM: \(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{a^2}\ge2;a^2+\dfrac{1}{16}a^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2};b^2+\dfrac{1}{16}b^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{15}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}\right)\ge\dfrac{15}{32}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2\ge\dfrac{15}{32}.\left(\dfrac{4}{a+b}\right)^2\ge\dfrac{15}{2}\).
Cộng vế với vế của các bđt trên lại ta có đpcm.
\(\dfrac{x}{2018}=\dfrac{y}{2019}=\dfrac{x-y}{-1};\dfrac{y}{2019}=\dfrac{z}{2020}=\dfrac{y-z}{-1};\dfrac{x}{2018}=\dfrac{z}{2020}=\dfrac{x-z}{-2}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-y}{-1}=\dfrac{y-z}{-1}=\dfrac{x-z}{-2}\\ \Leftrightarrow2\left(x-y\right)=2\left(y-z\right)=x-z\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-z\right)^3=8\left(x-y\right)^3=8\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x-y\right)=8\left(x-y\right)^2\left(y-z\right)\)