Cho a, b là các số thực dương thỏa mãn a + b = 4ab
Tìm GTNN của biểu thức \(P=\frac{a}{1+4b^2}+\frac{b}{1+4a^2}\)
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\(a+b=4ab\le\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\frac{a}{4b^2+1}+\frac{b}{4a^2+1}=\frac{a^2}{4b^2a+a}+\frac{b^2}{4a^2b+b}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4ab\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+b\right)}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a+b\right)^2}=\frac{1}{2}\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1+3a}{1+b^2}=\left(1+3a\right).\frac{1}{1+b^2}=\left(1+3a\right)\left(1-\frac{b^2}{1+b^2}\right)\)
\(\ge\left(1+3a\right)\left(1-\frac{b^2}{2b}\right)=\left(1+3a\right)\left(1-\frac{b}{2}\right)\)
\(=3a+1-\frac{b}{2}-\frac{3ab}{2}\)(1)
Tương tự ta có: \(\frac{1+3b}{1+c^2}=3b+1-\frac{c}{2}-\frac{3bc}{2}\)(2); \(\frac{1+3c}{1+a^2}=3c+1-\frac{a}{2}-\frac{3ca}{2}\)(3)
Cộng theo vế của 3 BĐT (1), (2), (3), ta được: \(\frac{1+3a}{1+b^2}+\frac{1+3b}{1+c^2}+\frac{1+3c}{1+a^2}\)\(\ge3\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{a+b+c}{2}-\frac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2}+3\)
\(=\frac{5\left(a+b+c\right)}{2}-\frac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2}+3\)
\(\ge\frac{5.\sqrt{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}}{2}-\frac{3.3}{2}+3=\frac{15}{2}-\frac{9}{2}+3=6\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1
p \(\ge\)\(\frac{4}{a^2+b^2+2\left(a+b\right)}\) +\(\sqrt{\left(1+ab\right)^2}\) (bunhia và cosi)
=\(\frac{4}{a^2+b^2+2ab}+1+ab=\frac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+a+b+1\)
do \(a+b=ab\le\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\Rightarrow a+b\ge4\)
dạt a+b = t thì t>=4
cần tìm min \(\frac{4}{t^2}+t+1=\frac{4}{t^2}+\frac{t}{16}+\frac{t}{16}+\frac{7t}{8}+1\)
\(\ge3.\sqrt[3]{\frac{4}{t^2}.\frac{t}{16}.\frac{t}{16}}+\frac{7.4}{8}+1=\frac{21}{4}\)
dau = xay ra khi a=b=2
\(M=\frac{\left(a+1\right)^2+2a}{a\left(a+1\right)}+\frac{\left(b+1\right)^2+2b}{b\left(b+1\right)}+\frac{\left(c+1\right)^2+2c}{c\left(c+1\right)}\)
\(M=\frac{a+1}{a}+\frac{b+1}{b}+\frac{c+1}{c}+2\left(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\right)\)
\(M=3+\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+2\left(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\right)\)
\(M\ge3+\frac{9}{a+b+c}+2\left(\frac{9}{a+b+c+3}\right)\ge3+3+3=9\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
Ta có: \(\frac{a}{1+4b^2}=\frac{a\left(1+4b^2\right)-4ab^2}{1+4b^2}=a-\frac{4ab^2}{1+4b^2}\ge a-\frac{4ab^2}{2\sqrt{4b^2.1}}=a-\frac{2ab^2}{2b}=a-ab\)(bđt cosi)
CMTT: \(\frac{b}{1+4a^2}\ge b-ab\)
=> P \(\ge a+b-2ab=4ab-2ab=2ab\)
Mặt khác ta có: \(a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\)(cosi)
=> \(4ab\ge2\sqrt{ab}\) <=> \(2ab\ge\sqrt{ab}\)<=> \(4a^2b^2-ab\ge0\) <=> \(ab\left(4ab-1\right)\ge0\)
<=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}ab\le0\left(loại\right)\\ab\ge\frac{1}{4}\end{cases}}\)(vì a,b là số thực dương)
=> P \(\ge2\cdot\frac{1}{4}=\frac{1}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a = b = 1/2
Vậy MinP = 1/2 <=> a = b= 1/2
Ta có: \(a+b=4ab\le\left(a+b\right)^2\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)-1\right]\ge0\)
Mà \(a+b>0\Rightarrow a+b\ge1\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si, ta có: \(P=\frac{a}{1+4b^2}+\frac{b}{1+4a^2}=\left(a-\frac{4ab^2}{1+4b^2}\right)+\left(b-\frac{4a^2b}{1+4a^2}\right)\)\(\ge\left(a-\frac{4ab^2}{4b}\right)+\left(b-\frac{4a^2b}{4a}\right)=\left(a+b\right)-2ab=\left(a+b\right)-\frac{a+b}{2}=\frac{a+b}{2}\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = 1/2