Cho a,b,c không âm thỏa mãn a+b+c=1. Tìm Min và Max của biểu thức:
\(T=\dfrac{a}{1+b+c}+\dfrac{b}{1+c+a}+\dfrac{c}{1+a+b}\)
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28 tháng 5 2023
*Tìm min:
\(P=\dfrac{a}{1-a}+\dfrac{b}{1-b}=\dfrac{1}{1-a}-1+\dfrac{1}{1-b}-1\)
\(\ge\dfrac{4}{\left(1-a\right)+\left(1-b\right)}-2\)
\(=\dfrac{4}{2-\dfrac{1}{2}}-2=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=\dfrac{1}{4}\). Do đó minP=2/3
*Tìm max: \(a,b\ge0\)
\(P=\dfrac{a}{1-a}+\dfrac{b}{1-b}=\dfrac{a-ab+b-ab}{\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}-2ab}{1-\left(a+b\right)+ab}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}-2ab}{\dfrac{1}{2}+ab}=\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{2}-2\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+ab\right)}{\dfrac{1}{2}+ab}\)
\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{2}}{\dfrac{1}{2}+ab}-2\le\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{2}}{\dfrac{1}{2}}-2=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(a;b\right)=\left(0;\dfrac{1}{2}\right),\left(\dfrac{1}{2};0\right)\)
Vậy maxP=1
NV
Nguyễn Việt Lâm
Giáo viên
14 tháng 1
Min:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^3=a^3+b^3+c^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)+3bc\left(b+c\right)+3ca\left(c+a\right)+6abc\ge a^3+b^3+c^3\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge\sqrt[3]{a^3+b^3+c^3}=\sqrt[3]{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{a}{7-3bc}+\dfrac{b}{7-3ca}+\dfrac{c}{7-3ab}\ge\dfrac{a}{7}+\dfrac{b}{7}+\dfrac{c}{7}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{7}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{3}}{7}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra tại \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(0;0;\sqrt[3]{3}\right)\) và các hoán vị
Max:
\(\left(a^3+1+1\right)+\left(b^3+1+1\right)+\left(c^3+1+1\right)\ge3a+3b+3c\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\le\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3+6}{3}=3\)
Khi đó:
\(7P=\dfrac{7a}{7-3bc}+\dfrac{7b}{7-3ca}+\dfrac{7c}{7-3ab}=\dfrac{a\left(7-3bc\right)+3abc}{7-3bc}+\dfrac{b\left(7-3ca\right)+3abc}{7-3ca}+\dfrac{c\left(7-3ab\right)+3abc}{7-3ab}\)
\(=a+b+c+\dfrac{3abc}{7-3bc}+\dfrac{3abc}{7-3ca}+\dfrac{3abc}{7-3ab}\)
Ta có:
\(7-3ab\ge\dfrac{7}{9}\left(a+b+c\right)^2-3ab=\dfrac{1}{9}\left[\dfrac{13}{2}\left(a-b\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2\right)+7c^2+14bc+14ca\right]\)
Do \(\dfrac{13}{2}\left(a-b\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge ab\)
\(\Rightarrow7-3ab\ge\dfrac{1}{9}\left(ab+7c^2+14bc+14ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3abc}{7-3ab}\le\dfrac{27abc}{ab+7c\left(c+2a+2b\right)}\le\dfrac{27abc}{36^2}\left(\dfrac{1^2}{ab}+\dfrac{35^2}{7c\left(c+2a+2b\right)}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3abc}{7-3ab}\le\dfrac{c}{48}+\dfrac{175}{48}.\dfrac{ab}{c+2a+2b}=\dfrac{c}{48}+\dfrac{175}{48}.\dfrac{ab}{\left(a+b+c\right)+\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3abc}{7-3ab}\le\dfrac{c}{48}+\dfrac{175}{48}.\dfrac{ab}{5^2}\left(\dfrac{3^2}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{2^2}{a+b}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3abc}{7-3ab}\le\dfrac{c}{48}+\dfrac{21}{16}.\dfrac{ab}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{7}{12}.\dfrac{ab}{a+b}\le\dfrac{c}{48}+\dfrac{21}{16}.\dfrac{ab}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{7}{48}.\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a+b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3abc}{7-3ab}\le\dfrac{7a+7b+c}{48}+\dfrac{21}{16}.\dfrac{ab}{a+b+c}\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{3abc}{7-3bc}\le\dfrac{a+7b+7c}{48}+\dfrac{21}{16}.\dfrac{bc}{a+b+c}\)
\(\dfrac{3abc}{7-3ca}\le\dfrac{7a+b+7c}{48}+\dfrac{21}{16}.\dfrac{ca}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow7P\le\dfrac{21}{16}\left(a+b+c\right)+\dfrac{21}{16}\left(\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{a+b+c}\right)\le\dfrac{21}{16}\left(a+b+c\right)+\dfrac{21}{48}.\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow7P\le\dfrac{7}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{a+b+c}{4}\le\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Vậy \(P_{max}=\dfrac{3}{4}\) khi \(a=b=c=1\)
NV
Nguyễn Việt Lâm
Giáo viên
24 tháng 3 2023
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+c=x>0\\b+c=y>0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow xy=1\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}=\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{x^2y^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+x^2+y^2-2xy+2xy\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\left(x-y\right)^2+2\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2}{\left(x-y\right)^2}}+2=4\)
XO
30 tháng 12 2021
\(4M=\dfrac{4}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{4}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{4}{\left(c+a\right)+\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(\le\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}+\dfrac{2}{c+a}\)
=> 8M \(\le\dfrac{4}{a+b}+\dfrac{4}{b+c}+\dfrac{4}{c+a}\)
\(\le\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}=2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=8\)
=> \(M\le1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a = b = c = 3/4
NV
Nguyễn Việt Lâm
Giáo viên
30 tháng 12 2021
\(\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}=\dfrac{1}{a+a+b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)\)
Cộng vế:
\(M\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{4}{a}+\dfrac{4}{b}+\dfrac{4}{c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=1\)
\(M_{max}=1\) khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
20 tháng 9 2021
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức: \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\) \(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2\ge4ab\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\left(đúng\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}=\dfrac{1}{4}.\dfrac{4}{2a+b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{2a}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left[\dfrac{1}{2a}+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\right]=\dfrac{1}{8}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{2b}+\dfrac{1}{2c}\right)\)
CMTT \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{8}\left(\dfrac{1}{2a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{2c}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{8}\left(\dfrac{1}{2a}+\dfrac{1}{2b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{8}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{2}{2a}+\dfrac{2}{2b}+\dfrac{2}{2c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}.4=1\)
\(minM=1\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
AH
Akai Haruma
Giáo viên
22 tháng 1 2022
Bài 1: Ta có:
\(M=\frac{ad}{abcd+abd+ad+d}+\frac{bad}{bcd.ad+bc.ad+bad+ad}+\frac{c.abd}{cda.abd+cd.abd+cabd+abd}+\frac{d}{dab+da+d+1}\)
\(=\frac{ad}{1+abd+ad+d}+\frac{bad}{d+1+bad+ad}+\frac{1}{ad+d+1+abd}+\frac{d}{dab+da+d+1}\)
$=\frac{ad+abd+1+d}{ad+abd+1+d}=1$
AH
Akai Haruma
Giáo viên
22 tháng 1 2022
Bài 2:
Vì $a,b,c,d\in [0;1]$ nên
\(N\leq \frac{a}{abcd+1}+\frac{b}{abcd+1}+\frac{c}{abcd+1}+\frac{d}{abcd+1}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{abcd+1}\)
Ta cũng có:
$(a-1)(b-1)\geq 0\Rightarrow a+b\leq ab+1$
Tương tự:
$c+d\leq cd+1$
$(ab-1)(cd-1)\geq 0\Rightarrow ab+cd\leq abcd+1$
Cộng 3 BĐT trên lại và thu gọn thì $a+b+c+d\leq abcd+3$
$\Rightarrow N\leq \frac{abcd+3}{abcd+1}=\frac{3(abcd+1)-2abcd}{abcd+1}$
$=3-\frac{2abcd}{abcd+1}\leq 3$
Vậy $N_{\max}=3$
B
15 tháng 5 2021
Bài làm :
Ta có :
\(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{4}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\left(1\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi : a=b
Chứng minh tương tự như trên ; ta có :
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{b+c}\text{≤}\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\left(2\right)\\\frac{1}{c+a}\text{≤}\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)
Cộng vế với vế của (1) ; (2) ; (3) ; ta được :
\(A\text{≤}\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\text{=}\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi ;
\(\hept{\begin{cases}a=b=c\\\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=3\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Vậy Max (A) = 3/2 khi a=b=c=1
23 tháng 1 2021
1) Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM và bất đẳng thức Schwarz:
\(P=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{a+b}{2}}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+\dfrac{a+b}{2}}=\dfrac{8}{3a+b}\ge8\).
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = \(\dfrac{1}{4}\).
NV
Nguyễn Việt Lâm
Giáo viên
23 tháng 1 2021
2.
\(4=a^2+b^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2\Rightarrow a+b\le2\sqrt{2}\)
Đồng thời \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge a^2+b^2\Rightarrow a+b\ge2\)
\(M\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4\left(a+b+2\right)}=\dfrac{x^2}{4\left(x+2\right)}\) (với \(x=a+b\Rightarrow2\le x\le2\sqrt{2}\) )
\(M\le\dfrac{x^2}{4\left(x+2\right)}-\sqrt{2}+1+\sqrt{2}-1\)
\(M\le\dfrac{\left(2\sqrt{2}-x\right)\left(x+4-2\sqrt{2}\right)}{4\left(x+2\right)}+\sqrt{2}-1\le\sqrt{2}-1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=2\sqrt{2}\) hay \(a=b=\sqrt{2}\)
3. Chia 2 vế giả thiết cho \(x^2y^2\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}-\dfrac{1}{xy}\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow0\le\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\le4\)
\(A=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}-\dfrac{1}{xy}\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\le16\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(T=\dfrac{a}{2-a}+\dfrac{b}{2-b}+\dfrac{c}{2-c}\)
- Với min: hãy chứng minh BĐT phụ sau: \(\dfrac{a}{2-a}\ge\dfrac{18a-1}{25}\)
(Lưu ý rằng a;b;c không âm nên nếu nhân cả tử và mẫu với a chẳng hạn để Cauchy-Schwarz thì sẽ dẫn tới khả năng mẫu số bằng 0 bài làm ko đủ chặt chẽ)
- Với max: chứng minh BĐT phụ sau: \(\dfrac{a}{2-a}\le a\)