Cho phương trình ẩn x: x + a a - x + x - a a + x = a 3 a + 1 a 2 - x 2
Giải phương trình khi a = - 3
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Cho phương trình ẩn x: x + a a - x + x - a a + x = a 3 a + 1 a 2 - x 2
Giải phương trình khi a = - 3
1. a = 3 thì phương trình trở thành:
\(\frac{x+3}{3-x}-\frac{x-3}{3+x}=\frac{-3\left[3.\left(-3\right)+1\right]}{\left(-3\right)^2}-x^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x+3\right)^2+\left(3-x\right)^2}{\left(3-x\right)\left(3+x\right)}=\frac{-3\left[-9+1\right]}{9}-x^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2+6x+9+x^2-6x+9}{\left(3-x\right)\left(3+x\right)}=\frac{-3.\left(-8\right)}{9}-x^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2x^2+18}{9-x^2}=\frac{24}{9}-x^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2x^2+18}{9-x^2}+x^2=\frac{24}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2x^2+18+9x^2-x^4}{9-x^2}=\frac{24}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{11x^2+18-x^4}{9-x^2}=\frac{24}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow99x^2+18-9x^4=216-24x^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9x^4-123x^2+198=0\)
Đặt \(x^2=t\left(t\ge0\right)\)
Phương trình trở thành \(9t^2-123t+198=0\)
Ta có \(\Delta=123^2-4.9.198=8001,\sqrt{\Delta}=3\sqrt{889}\)
\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}t=\frac{123+3\sqrt{889}}{18}=\frac{41+\sqrt{889}}{6}\\t=\frac{123-3\sqrt{889}}{18}=\frac{41-\sqrt{889}}{6}\end{cases}}\)
Lúc đó \(\orbr{\begin{cases}x^2=\frac{41+\sqrt{889}}{6}\\x^2=\frac{41-\sqrt{889}}{6}\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=\pm\sqrt{\frac{41+\sqrt{889}}{6}}\\x=\pm\sqrt{\frac{41-\sqrt{889}}{6}}\end{cases}}\)
Vậy pt có 4 nghiệm \(S=\left\{\pm\sqrt{\frac{41+\sqrt{889}}{6}};\pm\sqrt{\frac{41-\sqrt{889}}{6}}\right\}\)
Đk:\(a\ne\pm x\)
Pt \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+x\right)^2-\left(x-a\right)\left(a-x\right)}{\left(a-x\right)\left(a+x\right)}=\dfrac{a\left(3a+1\right)}{a^2-x^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\left(a^2+x^2\right)}{a^2-x^2}=\dfrac{a\left(3a+1\right)}{a^2-x^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2x^2=3a^2+a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+a-2x^2=0\) (1)
Thay \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\) vào (1) ta được:
\(a^2+a-2\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+a-\dfrac{1}{2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{-1+\sqrt{3}}{2}\\a=\dfrac{-1-\sqrt{3}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) (tm)
Vậy...
a, với a=0 thì pt\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x+1+0=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x+1=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}=0\left(vô.lí\right)\)
Vậy pt vô nghiệm khi a=0
b, Ta có:\(\Delta=\left(-1\right)^2-4.1\left(a+1\right)=1-4\left(a+1\right)=1-4a-4=-4a-3\)
để pt (1) có nghiệm thì \(\Delta\ge0\) hay \(-4a-3\ge0\Leftrightarrow a\le-\dfrac{3}{4}\)
a) ĐKXĐ : \(x\ne\pm a\).
Với \(a=-3\) khi đó ta có pt :
\(A=\frac{x-3}{-3-x}-\frac{x+3}{-3+x}=\frac{-3\left(-9+1\right)}{\left(-3\right)^2-x^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)-\left(x+3\right)\left(-3-x\right)}{\left(-3-x\right)\left(-3+x\right)}+\frac{24}{\left(-3-x\right)\left(-3+x\right)}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2-9-\left(-3x-x^2-9-3x\right)+24=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+6x+24=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+3x+12=0\) ( vô nghiệm )
Phần b) tương tự.
\(A=\frac{x+a}{a-x}-\frac{x-a}{a+x}=\frac{a\left(3x+1\right)}{a^2-x^2}\)
\(=\frac{x+a}{a-x}+\frac{x-a}{a+x}=\frac{a\left(3+1\right)}{\left(a-x\right)\left(a+x\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x+a\right)^2+\left(x-a\right)\left(a-x\right)}{\left(a-x\right)\left(a+1\right)}=\frac{a\left(3a+1\right)}{\left(a+x\right)\left(a-x\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+a\right)^2+\left(x-a\right)\left(a-x\right)=a\left(3a+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2ax+a^2-ax-x^2-a^2+ax=3a^2+a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2ax=3a^2+a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{3a^2+a}{2a}\left(a\ne0\right)\)
a) Khi x=-3 => \(x=\frac{3\cdot\left(-3\right)^2-3}{2\left(-3\right)}=-13\)
b) a=1
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{3\cdot1^2+1}{2\cdot1}=2\)
a) \(ĐKXĐ:x\ne\pm3\)
Với a = -3
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{x-3}{-3-x}-\frac{x+3}{-3+x}=\frac{-3\left[3.\left(-3\right)+1\right]}{\left(-3\right)^2-x^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{3-x}{x+3}-\frac{x+3}{x-3}=\frac{24}{9-x^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{3-x}{x+3}-\frac{x+3}{x-3}+\frac{24}{x^2-9}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{-\left(x-3\right)^2-\left(x+3\right)^2+24}{x^2-9}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-x^2+6x-9-x^2-6x-9+24=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2x^2+6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\pm\sqrt{3}\)(tm)
Vậy với \(a=-3\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{\sqrt{3};-\sqrt{3}\right\}\)
b) \(ĐKXĐ:x\ne\pm1\)
Với a = 1
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{x+1}{1-x}-\frac{x-1}{1+x}=\frac{3+1}{1-x^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+1}{1-x}-\frac{x-1}{1+x}+\frac{4}{x^2-1}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{-\left(x+1\right)^2-\left(x-1\right)^2+4}{x^2-1}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-x^2-2x-1-x^2+2x-1+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2x^2+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\pm1\)(ktm)
Vậy với \(a=1\Leftrightarrow x\in\varnothing\)
c) \(ĐKXĐ:a\ne\pm\frac{1}{2}\)
Thay \(x=\frac{1}{2}\)vào phương trình, ta đươc :
\(A=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+a}{a-\frac{1}{2}}-\frac{\frac{1}{2}-a}{a+\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{a\left(3a+1\right)}{a^2-\frac{1}{4}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+\frac{1}{2}}{a-\frac{1}{2}}+\frac{a-\frac{1}{2}}{a+\frac{1}{2}}-\frac{3a^2+a}{a^2-\frac{1}{4}}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(a-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-3a^2-a}{a^2-\frac{1}{4}}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+a+\frac{1}{4}+a^2-a+\frac{1}{4}-3a^2-a=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-a^2-a+\frac{1}{2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+a-\frac{1}{2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-\frac{3}{4}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}-\frac{1}{2}=\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2}\\a=-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}-\frac{1}{2}=\frac{-\sqrt{3}-1}{2}\end{cases}}\)(TM)
Vậy với \(x=\frac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow a\in\left\{\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2};\frac{-\sqrt{3}-1}{2}\right\}\)
Khi a = 1, ta có phương trình:
⇔ x + 1 2 + (x – 1)(1 – x) = 4
⇔ x 2 + 2x + 1 + x – x 2 – 1 + x = 4
⇔ 4x = 4 ⇔ x = 1 (loại)
Vậy phương trình vô nghiệm.
Khi a = - 3, ta có phương trình:
⇔ (3 – x)(x – 3) + x + 3 2 = -24
⇔ 3x – 9 – x 2 + 3x + x 2 + 6x + 9 = -24 ⇔ 12x = - 24
⇔ x = -2 (thỏa mãn)
Vậy phương trình có nghiệm x = -2