Chứng minh bất đẳng thức
\(a^2+b^2=<1+ab\)
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\(\left(a+b\right)^2\le2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2-2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2-2a^2-2b^2\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-a^2+2ab-b^2\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\left(a-b\right)^2\le0\) ( dấu "=" xảy ra ⇔ a=b )
Ta có :
\(a^2+b^2+1\ge ab+a+b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+1-ab-a-b\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2-2ab-2a-2b+2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-2a+1\right)+\left(b^2-2b+1\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b-1\right)^2\ge0\) ( đúng)
a^2+b^2+2>2(a+b)
<=> a^2+b^2+2> 2a + 2b>0
<=> (a^2 + 2a+1)+2> (b^2+2b+1)
a^2 + b^2 >= ab
<=> a^2 + b^2 -ab >= 0
<=> a^2 - ab + (1/4)b^2 + (3/4)b^2 >= 0
<=> {a - (1/2)b}^2 + (3/4)b^2 >=0
{a - (1/2)b}^2 luôn >= 0
(3/4)b^2 luôn >=0 ==> a^2+b^2 luôn >=0
Bài toán của bạn đưa về giải bất đẳng thức
a^2 + b^2 >= ab
<=> a^2 + b^2 -ab >= 0
<=> a^2 - ab + (1/4)b^2 + (3/4)b^2 >= 0
<=> {a - (1/2)b}^2 + (3/4)b^2 >=0
{a - (1/2)b}^2 luôn >= 0
(3/4)b^2 luôn >=0 ==> a^2+b^2 luôn >=0
* Lưu ý: ab = 2.(1/2).ab
b^2 = (1/4).b^2 + (3/4).b^2
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2+a^2+b^2+c^2=\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(c+a\right)^2\)
VT : (a + b + c)2 + a2 + b2 + c2
= a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab +2bc + 2ac + a2 + b2 + c2
= ( a2 + 2ab + b2 ) + (b2 + 2bc + c2) + ( a2 + 2ac + c2)
= (a + b)2 + (b + c)2 + (a + c)2 = VP
Vậy \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2+a^2+b^2+c^2=\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(c+a\right)^2\)(đpcm)
\(VT=\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ca}+\dfrac{b^2}{ab+bc}+\dfrac{c^2}{ca+bc}\ge\left(Schwarz\right)\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Mà theo Cô-si ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2+b^2\ge2ab\\b^2+c^2\ge2bc\\c^2+a^2\ge2ca\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\) (hằng đẳng thức)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c
\(\left(a+b\right)^2\le2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2\ge a^2+b^2+2ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2-a^2-b^2-2ab\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
=>Đpcm
\(\left(a+b\right)^2\le2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2\le2a^2+2b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2-2a^2-2b^2\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\left(a-b\right)^2\le0\) ( luôn đúng )
dấu " = " xảy ra khi a = b