Cho a,b,c là các số thực dương thỏa mãn a+b+c=3. Tìm GTNN của biểu thức
\(P=\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{6abc}{ab+bc+ca}\)
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\(a+b+c+ab+bc+ca=6abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}=6\)
Đặt \(\frac{1}{a}=x;\frac{1}{b}=y;\frac{1}{c}=z\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y+z+xy+yz+zx=6\\P=x^2+y^2+z^2\end{cases}}\)
\(6=x+y+z+xy+yz+zx\le x+y+z+\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z\ge3\)
\(\Rightarrow P=x^2+y^2+z^2\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}\ge\frac{9}{3}=3\)
Lời giải:
Vì $abc=1$ nên:
\((a+bc)(b+ac)(c+ab)=a(a+bc)b(b+ac)c(c+ab)=(a^2+1)(b^2+1)(c^2+1)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\((a^2+1)(1+b^2)\geq (a+b)^2; (a^2+1)(1+c^2)\geq (a+c)^2; (b^2+1)(1+c^2)\geq (b+c)^2\)
Nhân theo vế và thu gọn:
\(\Rightarrow (a^2+1)(b^2+1)(c^2+1)\geq (a+b)(b+c)(c+a)\)
Lại có: Theo BĐT AM-GM thì:
\((a+b)(b+c)(c+a)=(ab+bc+ac)(a+b+c)-abc\)
\(\geq (ab+bc+ac)(a+b+c)-\frac{(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ac)}{9}=\frac{8(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ac)}{9}(*)\) (đây là BĐT khá quen thuộc rồi)
Do đó:
\(P=\frac{(a+bc)(b+ca)(c+ab)}{ab+bc+ac}+\frac{1}{a+b+c}=\frac{(a^2+1)(b^2+1)(c^2+1)}{ab+bc+ac}+\frac{1}{a+b+c}\geq \frac{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}{ab+bc+ac}+\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(P\geq \frac{7(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}{8(ab+bc+ac)}+\frac{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}{8(ab+bc+ac)}+\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
Áp dụng BĐT (*) và AM-GM:
\(\frac{7(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}{8(ab+bc+ac)}\geq 7.\frac{\frac{8}{9}(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ac)}{8(ab+bc+ac)}=\frac{7}{9}(a+b+c)\geq \frac{7}{9}.3\sqrt[3]{abc}=\frac{7}{3}\)
\(\frac{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}{8(ab+bc+ac)}+\frac{1}{a+b+c}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}{8(ab+bc+ac)(a+b+c)}}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{\frac{8}{9}(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ac)}{8(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ac)}}=\frac{2}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\geq \frac{7}{3}+\frac{2}{3}=3\)
Vậy $P_{\min}=3$
\(\left(a+bc\right)\left(b+ca\right)\left(c+ab\right)\)
\(=a^2+b^2+c^2+a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+1+1\)
\(=a^2+b^2+c^2+a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+1+1+1-1\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\left(a+bc\right)\left(b+ca\right)\left(c+ab\right)\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac-1=\left(a+b+c\right)^2-1\)\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-1}{ab+bc+ca}+\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> ...
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{3}.\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)( BĐT quen thuộc tự c/m)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-1}{ab+bc+ca}+\frac{1}{a+b+c}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2}-\frac{1}{\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)\(=3+\frac{a+b+c-3}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)
Ta có: \(abc=1\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[3]{abc}=1\le\frac{a+b+c}{3}\left(AM-GM\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge3\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> ...
\(\Rightarrow P\ge3+\frac{a+b+c-3}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\ge3\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> a=b=c=1
KL:...........
Gọi \(S=\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{c^3}{b^2+ab+c^2}+\frac{a^3}{c^2+ab+a^2}\)
Dễ thấy \(P-S=0\)
\(\Rightarrow2P=\frac{a^3+b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3+c^3}{b^2+ab+c^2}+\frac{c^3+a^3}{c^2+ab+a^2}\)
Ta chứng minh:
\(\frac{a^3+b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}\ge\frac{a+b}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)(đúng)
\(\Rightarrow2P\ge\frac{a+b}{3}+\frac{b+c}{3}+\frac{c+a}{3}=\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{3}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge1\)
Bài toán số 41 có 2 cách làm, tôi làm cách thứ 2
Đặt \(Q=\sqrt{\frac{x}{y+z}}+\sqrt{\frac{y}{x+z}}+\sqrt{\frac{z}{x+y}}\)\(\Rightarrow Q^2=\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{x+z}+\frac{z}{x+y}+2\left(\sqrt{\frac{xy}{\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{yz}{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{xz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\right)\)ta thấy rằng \(\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{x+z}+\frac{z}{x+y}=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{x+z}+\frac{z}{x+y}\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(=\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{4}+\frac{xyz}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{z+x}\right)\ge\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{4}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM ta có \(\sqrt{\frac{yx}{\left(z+x\right)\left(x+y\right)}}\ge\frac{2yx}{2\sqrt{\left(xy+yz\right)\left(yz+yx\right)}}\ge\frac{2xy}{2xy+yz+xz}\ge\frac{2xy}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\frac{xy}{xy+yz+zx}\)
Tương tự ta có \(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{\frac{yz}{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}}\ge\frac{yz}{xy+yz+zx}\\\sqrt{\frac{xz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\ge\frac{xz}{xy+yz+zx}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{xy}{\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{yz}{\left(z+x\right)\left(x+y\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{zx}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\ge1\)nên \(Q\ge\sqrt{\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{4}+2}\)
\(\Rightarrow Q\ge\sqrt{\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{2}+4}+\frac{4}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}}\)
Đặt \(t=\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}\Rightarrow t\ge\sqrt{xy+yz+zx}=2\)
Xét hàm số g(t)=\(\sqrt{\frac{t^2}{2}+4}+\frac{4}{t}\left(t\ge2\right)\)khi đó ta có
\(g'\left(t\right)=\frac{t}{2\sqrt{\frac{t^2}{2}+4}}-\frac{4}{t^2};g'\left(t\right)=0\Leftrightarrow t^6-32t^2-256=0\Leftrightarrow t=2\sqrt{2}\)
Lập bảng biến thiên ta có min[2;\(+\infty\)) \(g\left(t\right)=g\left(2\sqrt{2}\right)=3\sqrt{2}\)
Hay minS=\(3\sqrt{2}\)<=> a=c=1; b=2
Đặt a=xc; b=cy (x;y >=1)
\(\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{y-1}=\sqrt{xy}\Leftrightarrow x+y-2+2\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)}=xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy-x-y+1-2\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)}+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)}-1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)}=1\Leftrightarrow xy=x+y\ge2\sqrt{xy}\Rightarrow xy\ge4\)
Biểu thức P được viết lại như sau
\(P=\frac{x}{y+1}+\frac{y}{x+1}+\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}=\frac{x^2}{xy+x}+\frac{y^2}{xy+y}+\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy}\)
\(P\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2xy+x+y}+\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy}=\frac{xy}{3}+\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{x^2y^2-2xy}=\frac{x^3y^3-2x^2y^2+3xy-3}{3\left(x^2y^2-2xy\right)}\)
Đặt t=xy với t>=4
Xét hàm số \(f\left(t\right)=\frac{t^3-2t^2+3t-3}{t^2-2t}\left(t\ge4\right)\)
Ta có \(f'\left(t\right)=\frac{t^4-4t^3+t^2+6t-6}{\left(t^2-2t\right)^2}=\frac{t^3\left(t-4\right)+6\left(t-4\right)+18}{\left(t^2-2t\right)^2}>0\forall t\ge4\)
Lập bảng biến thiên ta có \(minf\left(t\right)=f\left(4\right)=\frac{41}{8}\)
Vậy \(minP=\frac{41}{24}\)khi x=y=z=2 hay a=b=2c
Ta có: \(\frac{1+3a}{1+b^2}=\left(1+3a\right).\frac{1}{1+b^2}=\left(1+3a\right)\left(1-\frac{b^2}{1+b^2}\right)\)
\(\ge\left(1+3a\right)\left(1-\frac{b^2}{2b}\right)=\left(1+3a\right)\left(1-\frac{b}{2}\right)\)
\(=3a+1-\frac{b}{2}-\frac{3ab}{2}\)(1)
Tương tự ta có: \(\frac{1+3b}{1+c^2}=3b+1-\frac{c}{2}-\frac{3bc}{2}\)(2); \(\frac{1+3c}{1+a^2}=3c+1-\frac{a}{2}-\frac{3ca}{2}\)(3)
Cộng theo vế của 3 BĐT (1), (2), (3), ta được: \(\frac{1+3a}{1+b^2}+\frac{1+3b}{1+c^2}+\frac{1+3c}{1+a^2}\)\(\ge3\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{a+b+c}{2}-\frac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2}+3\)
\(=\frac{5\left(a+b+c\right)}{2}-\frac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2}+3\)
\(\ge\frac{5.\sqrt{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}}{2}-\frac{3.3}{2}+3=\frac{15}{2}-\frac{9}{2}+3=6\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1
đổi ẩn
\(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\frac{1}{x};\frac{1}{y};z\right)\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(x+y+z=3\)
\(P=\Sigma\frac{1}{\sqrt{xy+x+y}}\ge\Sigma\frac{2\sqrt{3}}{xy+x+y+3}\ge\frac{18\sqrt{3}}{\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}+2\left(x+y+z\right)+9}=\sqrt{3}\)
dấuu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Ta có: \(\frac{bc}{\sqrt{a+bc}}=\frac{bc}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\frac{\frac{bc}{a+b}+\frac{bc}{a+c}}{2}\)
\(\frac{ca}{\sqrt{b+ac}}=\frac{ca}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\frac{\frac{ca}{a+b}+\frac{ca}{b+c}}{2}\)
\(\frac{ab}{\sqrt{c+ab}}=\frac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\frac{\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}}{2}\)
Cộng 3 vế ta được: \(P\le\frac{\frac{bc}{a+b}+\frac{bc}{a+c}+\frac{ca}{a+b}+\frac{ca}{b+c}+\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}}{2}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{a+b}+\frac{b\left(a+c\right)}{a+c}+\frac{a\left(b+c\right)}{b+c}}{2}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy MinP = 1/2
\(\frac{bc}{\sqrt{a+bc}}=\frac{bc}{\sqrt{a.1+bc}}=\frac{bc}{\sqrt{a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc}}=\frac{bc}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\frac{bc}{a+b}+\frac{bc}{a+c}\)
TRẦN MINH HOÀNG
bạn giải thích zup tôi phần \(\frac{abc}{ab+bc+ac}ra\left(a+b+c\right)\)với
ơ nhầm chỗ nào