cho tan a = \(\frac{1}{2}\)
hãy tính \(\frac{\text{cos a +sin a}}{\cos a-\sin a}\)
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Tự chứng minh từng cái này rồi suy ra cái đó nhé b.
Ta có: \(sin\frac{A}{2}cos\frac{B}{2}cos\frac{C}{2}-sin\frac{A}{2}sin\frac{B}{2}sin\frac{C}{2}=sin^2\frac{A}{2}\)
Tương tự ta suy ra:
\(sin\frac{A}{2}cos\frac{B}{2}cos\frac{C}{2}+cos\frac{A}{2}sin\frac{B}{2}cos\frac{C}{2}+cos\frac{A}{2}cos\frac{B}{2}sin\frac{C}{2}=sin^2\frac{A}{2}+sin^2\frac{B}{2}+sin^2\frac{C}{2}+3sin\frac{A}{2}sin\frac{B}{2}sin\frac{C}{2}\left(1\right)\)
Tiếp theo chứng minh:
\(2sin\frac{A}{2}sin\frac{B}{2}sin\frac{C}{2}=\frac{cosA+cosB+cosC-1}{2}\left(2\right)\)
\(sin^2\frac{A}{2}+sin^2\frac{B}{2}+sin^2\frac{C}{2}=\frac{3}{2}-\frac{cosA+cosB+cosC}{2}\left(3\right)\)
\(tan\frac{A}{2}tan\frac{B}{2}+tan\frac{B}{2}tan\frac{C}{2}+tan\frac{C}{2}tan\frac{A}{2}=1\left(4\right)\)
Từ (1), (2), (3), (4) suy được điều phải chứng minh
a) Vì \(\frac{\pi }{2} < a < \pi \) nên \(\cos a < 0\)
Ta có: \({\sin ^2}a + {\cos ^2}a = 1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{9} + {\cos ^2}a = 1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow {\cos ^2}a = 1 - \frac{1}{9}= \frac{8}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \cos a =\pm\sqrt { \frac{8}{9}} = \pm \frac{{2\sqrt 2 }}{3}\)
Vì \(\cos a < 0\) nên \(cos a =-\frac{{2\sqrt 2 }}{3}\)
Suy ra \(\tan a = \frac{{\sin a}}{{\cos a}} = \frac{{\frac{1}{3}}}{{ - \frac{{2\sqrt 2 }}{3}}} = - \frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{4}\)
Ta có: \(\sin 2a = 2\sin a\cos a = 2.\frac{1}{3}.\left( { - \frac{{2\sqrt 2 }}{3}} \right) = - \frac{{4\sqrt 2 }}{9}\)
\(\cos 2a = 1 - 2{\sin ^2}a = 1 - \frac{2}{9} = \frac{7}{9}\)
\(\tan 2a = \frac{{2\tan a}}{{1 - {{\tan }^2}a}} = \frac{{2.\left( { - \frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{4}} \right)}}{{1 - {{\left( { - \frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{4}} \right)}^2}}} = - \frac{{4\sqrt 2 }}{7}\)
b) Vì \(\frac{\pi }{2} < a < \frac{{3\pi }}{4}\) nên \(\sin a > 0,\cos a < 0\)
\({\left( {\sin a + \cos a} \right)^2} = {\sin ^2}a + {\cos ^2}a + 2\sin a\cos a = 1 + 2\sin a\cos a = \frac{1}{4}\)
Suy ra \(\sin 2a = 2\sin a\cos a = \frac{1}{4} - 1 = - \frac{3}{4}\)
Ta có: \({\sin ^2}a + {\cos ^2}a = 1\;\)
\( \Leftrightarrow \left( {\frac{1}{2} - {\cos }a} \right)^2 + {\cos ^2}a - 1 = 0\)
\( \Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{4} - \cos a + {\cos ^2}a + {\cos ^2}a - 1 = 0\)
\( \Leftrightarrow 2{\cos ^2}a - \cos a - \frac{3}{4} = 0\)
\( \Rightarrow \cos a = \frac{{1 - \sqrt 7 }}{4}\) (Vì \(\cos a < 0)\)
\(\cos 2a = 2{\cos ^2}a - 1 = 2.{\left( {\frac{{1 - \sqrt 7 }}{4}} \right)^2} - 1 = - \frac{{\sqrt 7 }}{4}\)
\(\tan 2a = \frac{{\sin 2a}}{{\cos 2a}} = \frac{{ - \frac{3}{4}}}{{ - \frac{{\sqrt 7 }}{4}}} = \frac{{3\sqrt 7 }}{7}\)
\(\begin{array}{l}\cos 2a = \frac{1}{3} \Leftrightarrow {\cos ^2}a - {\sin ^2}a = \frac{1}{3}\,\,\left( 1 \right)\\{\cos ^2}a + {\sin ^2}a = 1\,\,\,\,\left( 2 \right)\end{array}\)
Từ (1) và (2) \( \Rightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{\cos ^2}a = \frac{2}{3}\\{\sin ^2}a = \frac{1}{3}\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}\cos a = \pm \frac{{\sqrt 6 }}{3}\\\sin a = \pm \frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{3}\end{array} \right.\)
Do \(\frac{\pi }{2} < a < \pi \)\( \Rightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}\cos a = \frac{{-\sqrt 6 }}{3}\\\sin a = \ \frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{3}\end{array} \right.\)
\(\Rightarrow \tan a = \frac{{\sin a}}{{\cos a}} = - \frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{2}\)
f/
\(sin2A+sin2B+sin2C=2sin\left(A+B\right).cos\left(A-B\right)+2sinC.cosC\)
\(=2sinC.cos\left(A-B\right)+2sinC.cosC\)
\(=2sinC\left(cos\left(A-B\right)+cosC\right)\)
\(=2sinC\left[cos\left(A-B\right)-cos\left(A+B\right)\right]\)
\(=4sinC.sinA.sinB\)
g/
\(cos^2A+cos^2B+cos^2C=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}cos2A+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}cos2B+cos^2C\)
\(=1+\frac{1}{2}\left(cos2A+cos2B\right)+cos^2C\)
\(=1+cos\left(A+B\right).cos\left(A-B\right)+cos^2C\)
\(=1-cosC.cos\left(A-B\right)+cos^2C\)
\(=1-cosC\left(cos\left(A-B\right)-cosC\right)\)
\(=1-cosC\left[cos\left(A-B\right)+cos\left(A+B\right)\right]\)
\(=1-2cosC.cosA.cosB\)
d/ \(sinA+sinB+sinC=2sin\frac{A+B}{2}cos\frac{A-B}{2}+2sin\frac{C}{2}.cos\frac{C}{2}\)
\(=2cos\frac{C}{2}.cos\frac{A-B}{2}+2sin\frac{C}{2}.cos\frac{C}{2}\)
\(=2cos\frac{C}{2}\left(cos\frac{A-B}{2}+sin\frac{C}{2}\right)\)
\(=2cos\frac{C}{2}\left(cos\frac{A-B}{2}+cos\frac{A+B}{2}\right)\)
\(=4cos\frac{C}{2}.cos\frac{A}{2}.cos\frac{B}{2}\)
e/
\(cosA+cosB+cosC=2cos\frac{A+B}{2}cos\frac{A-B}{2}+1-2sin^2\frac{C}{2}\)
\(=1+2sin\frac{C}{2}.cos\frac{A-B}{2}-2sin^2\frac{C}{2}\)
\(=1+2sin\frac{C}{2}\left(cos\frac{A-B}{2}-sin\frac{C}{2}\right)\)
\(=1+2sin\frac{C}{2}\left(cos\frac{A-B}{2}-cos\frac{A+B}{2}\right)\)
\(=1+4sin\frac{C}{2}.sin\frac{A}{2}sin\frac{B}{2}\)
Do \(90< a< 180\Rightarrow cosa< 0\Rightarrow tana< 0\Rightarrow\) đề bài sai do tana không thể bằng 3
Nhưng kệ cứ tính thì:
Chia cả tử và mẫu của A cho \(cos^3a\) và lưu ý \(\frac{1}{cos^2a}=1+tan^2a\)
\(A=\frac{tana.\frac{1}{cos^2a}+tan^2a+1}{tan^3a-tana-1}=\frac{tana\left(1+tan^2a\right)+tan^2a+1}{tan^3a-tana-1}\)
Tới đây thay số vào và bấm máy là xong
a/
\(\frac{1}{sinx}+\frac{cosx}{sinx}=\frac{1+cosx}{sinx}=\frac{1+2cos^2\frac{x}{2}-1}{2sin\frac{x}{2}cos\frac{x}{2}}=\frac{2cos^2\frac{x}{2}}{2sin\frac{x}{2}cos\frac{x}{2}}=\frac{cos\frac{x}{2}}{sin\frac{x}{2}}=cot\frac{x}{2}\)
b/
\(\frac{1-cosx}{sinx}=\frac{1-\left(1-2sin^2\frac{x}{2}\right)}{2sin\frac{x}{2}cos\frac{x}{2}}=\frac{2sin^2\frac{x}{2}}{2sin\frac{x}{2}cos\frac{x}{2}}=\frac{sin\frac{x}{2}}{cos\frac{x}{2}}=tan\frac{x}{2}\)
c/
\(tan\frac{x}{2}\left(\frac{1}{cosx}+1\right)=\left(\frac{1-cosx}{sinx}\right)\left(\frac{1}{cosx}+1\right)=\frac{\left(1-cosx\right)\left(1+cosx\right)}{sinx.cosx}=\frac{1-cos^2x}{sinx.cosx}\)
\(=\frac{sin^2x}{sinx.cosx}=\frac{sinx}{cosx}=tanx\)
d/
\(\frac{sin2a}{2cosa\left(1+cosa\right)}=\frac{2sina.cosa}{2cosa\left(1+2cos^2\frac{a}{2}-1\right)}=\frac{sina}{2cos^2\frac{a}{2}}=\frac{2sin\frac{a}{2}cos\frac{a}{2}}{2cos^2\frac{a}{2}}=tan\frac{a}{2}\)
e/
\(cotx+tan\frac{x}{2}=\frac{cosx}{sin}+\frac{1-cosx}{sinx}=\frac{cosx+1-cosx}{sinx}=\frac{1}{sinx}\)
Các câu c, e đều sử dụng kết quả từ câu b
f/
\(3-4cos2x+cos4x=3-4cos2x+2cos^22x-1\)
\(=2cos^22x-4cos2x+2=2\left(cos^22x-2cos2x+1\right)\)
\(=2\left(cos2x-1\right)^2=2\left(1-2sin^2x-1\right)^2\)
\(=2.\left(-2sin^2x\right)^2=8sin^4x\)
g/
\(\frac{1-cosx}{sinx}=\frac{sinx\left(1-cosx\right)}{sin^2x}=\frac{sinx\left(1-cosx\right)}{1-cos^2x}=\frac{sinx\left(1-cosx\right)}{\left(1-cosx\right)\left(1+cosx\right)}=\frac{sinx}{1+cosx}\)
h/
\(sinx+cosx=\sqrt{2}\left(sinx.\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}+cosx.\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{2}\left(sinx.cos\frac{\pi}{4}+cosx.sin\frac{\pi}{4}\right)=\sqrt{2}sin\left(x+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)\)
i/
\(sinx-cosx=\sqrt{2}\left(sinx.\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}-cosx.\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{2}\left(sinx.cos\frac{\pi}{4}-cosx.sin\frac{\pi}{4}\right)=\sqrt{2}sin\left(x-\frac{\pi}{4}\right)\)
j/
\(cosx-sinx=\sqrt{2}\left(cosx.\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}-sinx\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{2}\left(cosx.cos\frac{\pi}{4}-sinx.sin\frac{\pi}{4}\right)=\sqrt{2}cos\left(x+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)\)
\(=\frac{\sin^2a}{\sin a-\cos a}-\frac{\sin a+\cos a}{\frac{\sin^2a}{\cos^2a}-1}=\)
\(=\frac{\sin^2a}{\sin a-\cos a}-\frac{\cos^2a\left(\sin a+\cos a\right)}{\sin^2a-\cos^2a}=\)
\(=\frac{\sin^2a\left(\sin a+\cos a\right)-\cos^2a\left(\sin a+\cos a\right)}{\sin^2a-\cos^2a}=\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sin a+\cos a\right)\left(\sin^2a-\cos^2a\right)}{\sin^2a-\cos^2a}=\sin a+\cos a\left(dpcm\right)\)
vì \(\sin\alpha\ne0\)nên chia cả tử và mẫu của biểu thức cho \(\sin\alpha\),ta được :
\(\frac{\cos\alpha+\sin\alpha}{\cos\alpha-\sin\alpha}=\frac{\frac{\cos\alpha}{\sin\alpha}+1}{\frac{\cos\alpha}{\sin\alpha}-1}=\frac{\cot\alpha+1}{\cot\alpha-1}=\frac{\frac{1}{\tan\alpha}+1}{\frac{1}{\tan\alpha}-1}=\frac{2+1}{2-1}=3\)