cho x,y,z ≥ 0, chứng minh
1)\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+y}}\ge\dfrac{4}{4+x+y}\)
2)\(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{xz}\ge\dfrac{4}{x^2+yz}\)
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Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(VT=\sum\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)^2-xy}}{4yz+1}\ge\sum\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2}}{\left(y+z\right)^2+1}=\sum\dfrac{\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(x+y\right)}{\left(y+z\right)^2+1}\)
Set \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=a\\y+z=b\\z+x=c\end{matrix}\right.\)thì giả thiết trở thành \(a+b+c=3\) và cần chứng minh \(\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}.\sum\dfrac{a}{b^2+1}\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\dfrac{a}{b^2+1}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)( đến đây quen thuộc rồi)
Ta có:\(\sum\dfrac{a}{b^2+1}=\sum a-\sum\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}\ge3-\sum\dfrac{ab^2}{2b}\)(AM-GM)
\(VT\ge3-\sum\dfrac{ab}{2}\ge3-\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)( AM-GM)
Vậy ta có đpcm.Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c=1 hay \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{zx}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{x}+\dfrac{2}{y}+\dfrac{2}{z}\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{zx}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{x}+\dfrac{2}{y}+\dfrac{2}{z}-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{zx}}\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{y}-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{z}-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{zx}}+\dfrac{1}{x}\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\)
\(M=\dfrac{yz\sqrt{x-1}+xz\sqrt{y-2}+xy\sqrt{z-3}}{xyz}\)
\(=\dfrac{yz\sqrt{x-1}}{xyz}+\dfrac{xz\sqrt{y-2}}{xyz}+\dfrac{xy\sqrt{z-3}}{xyz}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x-1}}{x}+\dfrac{\sqrt{y-2}}{y}+\dfrac{\sqrt{z-3}}{z}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\sqrt{x-1}\le\dfrac{1+x-1}{2}=\dfrac{x}{2}\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{x-1}}{x}\le\dfrac{x}{2}\cdot\dfrac{1}{x}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\sqrt{y-2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2\left(y-2\right)}}{\sqrt{2}}\le\dfrac{y}{2\sqrt{2}}\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{y-2}}{y}\le\dfrac{y}{2\sqrt{2}}\cdot\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\)
\(\sqrt{z-3}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3\left(z-3\right)}}{\sqrt{3}}\le\dfrac{z}{2\sqrt{3}}\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{z-3}}{z}\le\dfrac{z}{2\sqrt{3}}\cdot\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(M\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right)\) (ĐPCM)
áp dụng BĐT cô si cho 2 số ko âm
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{xy}}=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{yz}}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{xz}}\)
cộng các vế vs nhau ta đc
\(2\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{zx}}\)
<=> \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{x}\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\) (đpcm)
đặt x/y=a hay xy/z=a hay j đó là ra nói chung là 4 biế
n lười nháp
Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\) \(\ge\) \(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}\) (1)
\(\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{yz}}\) (2)
\(\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{x}\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{xz}}\) (3)
Cộng (1);(2);(3) vế theo vế ta được:
\(2\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\right)\)
=> \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\) (đpcm)
Lời giải:
Ta có: \(xy+yz+xz=3xyz\Rightarrow \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=3\)
Mà theo BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz: \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\geq \frac{9}{x+y+z}\)
Do đó: \(3\geq \frac{9}{x+y+z}\Rightarrow x+y+z\geq 3\)
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Ta có: \(\text{VT}=x-\frac{xz}{x^2+z}+y-\frac{xy}{y^2+x}+z-\frac{yz}{z^2+y}\)
\(=(x+y+z)-\left(\frac{xy}{y^2+x}+\frac{yz}{z^2+y}+\frac{xz}{x^2+z}\right)\)
\(\geq x+y+z-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{xy}{\sqrt{xy^2}}+\frac{yz}{\sqrt{z^2y}}+\frac{xz}{\sqrt{x^2z}}\right)\) (AM-GM)
\(=x+y+z-\frac{1}{2}(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z})\)
Tiếp tục AM-GM: \(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\leq \frac{x+1}{2}+\frac{y+1}{2}+\frac{z+1}{2}=\frac{x+y+z+3}{2}\)
Suy ra:
\(\text{VT}\geq x+y+z-\frac{1}{2}.\frac{x+y+z+3}{2}=\frac{3}{4}(x+y+z)-\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\geq \frac{9}{4}-\frac{3}{4}=\frac{3}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $x=y=z=1$
solution:
ta có: \(3=x^2+y^2+z^2\ge3\sqrt[3]{x^2y^2z^2}\Leftrightarrow xyz\le1\)(theo BĐT cauchy cho 3 số )
\(\Rightarrow xy\le\dfrac{1}{z};yz\le\dfrac{1}{x};xz\le\dfrac{1}{y}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{\sqrt[3]{yz}}\ge\dfrac{x}{\dfrac{1}{\sqrt[3]{x}}}=x\sqrt[3]{x}=\sqrt[3]{x^4}\)
tương tự ta có:\(\dfrac{y}{\sqrt[3]{xz}}\ge\sqrt[3]{y^4};\dfrac{z}{\sqrt[3]{xy}}\ge\sqrt[3]{z^4}\)
cả 2 vế các BĐT đều dương,cộng vế với vế:
\(S=\dfrac{x}{\sqrt[3]{yz}}+\dfrac{y}{\sqrt[3]{xz}}+\dfrac{z}{\sqrt[3]{xy}}\ge\sqrt[3]{x^4}+\sqrt[3]{y^4}+\sqrt[3]{z^4}\)
Áp dụng BĐT bunyakovsky ta có:
\(\left(\sqrt[3]{x^4}+\sqrt[3]{y^4}+\sqrt[3]{z^4}\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge\left(\sqrt[3]{x^8}+\sqrt[3]{y^8}+\sqrt[3]{z^8}\right)^2=\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow S\ge x^2+y^2+z^2\)
đến đây ta lại có BĐT quen thuộc: \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+xz\)
\(\Rightarrow S\ge xy+yz+xz\left(đpcm\right)\)
dấu = xảy ra khi và chỉ khi x=y=z mà x2+y2+z2=3 => x=y=z=1
*cách khác : Áp dụng BĐT cauchy - schwarz(bunyakovsky):
\(S=\dfrac{x}{\sqrt[3]{yz}}+\dfrac{y}{\sqrt[3]{xz}}+\dfrac{z}{\sqrt[3]{xy}}=\dfrac{x^4}{x^3.\dfrac{1}{\sqrt[3]{x}}}+\dfrac{y^4}{y^3.\dfrac{1}{\sqrt[3]{y}}}+\dfrac{z^4}{z^3.\dfrac{1}{\sqrt[3]{z}}}\)
\(S\ge\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}=x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+xz\)
Chứng minh bằng phép biến đổi tương đương:
1.
\(\Leftrightarrow4+x+y\ge4\sqrt{x+y}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y-4\sqrt{x+y}+4\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x+y}-2\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Vậy BĐT đã cho đúng
2.
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{y+z}{xyz}\ge\dfrac{4}{x^2+yz}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(y+z\right)\left(x^2+yz\right)\ge4xyz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y+x^2z+y^2z+z^2y-4xyz\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y\left(x^2+z^2-2xz\right)+z\left(x^2+y^2-2xy\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y\left(x-z\right)^2+z\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) (đúng)