Cho 13,5g kim loại nhôm tác dụng với 0,5M dung dịch Hcl tính thể tích khí hidro sinh ra(dktc),thể tích dung dịch hcl cần dùng
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\(PTHH:2R+6HCl\rightarrow2RCl_3+3H_2\)
\(TheoPTHH:n_R=n_M=\dfrac{10,8}{R}=\dfrac{53,4}{R+35,5.3}\)
\(\Rightarrow R=27\)
=> Kim loại đó là Nhôm
b, \(TheoPTHH:n_{HCl}=3n_R=1,5mol\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=3l\)
Theo PTHH : \(n_{H2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,75mol\)
\(\Rightarrow V=n.22,4=16,8l\)
\(2M+6HCl\rightarrow2MCl_3+3H_2\)
\(2M...........2\cdot\left(M+106.5\right)\)
\(10.8..................53.4\)
\(53.4\cdot2M=10.8\cdot\cdot2\left(M+106.5\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow M=27\)
\(M:Nhôm\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{13.5}{27}=0.5\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.5\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot22.4=16.8\left(l\right)\)
\(V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0.5\cdot6}{2\cdot0.5}=3\left(l\right)\)
600ml = 0,6l
\(n_{HCl}=0,5.0,6=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2|\)
2 6 2 3
0,1 0,3 0,15
a) \(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,3.3}{6}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
b) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{0,3.2}{6}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\)
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\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{20}{80}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl ---> ZnCl2 + H2
0,1---->0,1----------------->0,1
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\\C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1M\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: CuO + H2 --to--> Cu + H2O
LTL: 0,25 > 0,1 => CuO dư
Theo pthh: nCu = nH2 = 0,1 (mol)
=> mCu = 0,1.64 = 6,4 (g)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
0,1 0,2 0,2
\(V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48l\\
C_M=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1M\\
n_{CuO}=\dfrac{20}{80}=0,25\left(G\right)\\
pthh:CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\\
LTL:0,25>0,1\)
=>CuO dư
\(n_{Cu}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\
m_{Cu}=0,1.64=6,4g\)
PTHH: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{32,5}{65}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=1\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{1\cdot36,5}{20\%}=182,5\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,5\cdot22,4=11,2\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2
2 6 2 3
0,3 0,9 0,3 0,45
a). nAl= \(\dfrac{8,1}{27}\)=0,3(mol)
⇒ nHCl= \(\dfrac{0,3.3}{6}\)= 0,9(mol).
⇒ mHCl=n.M= 0,9 . 36.5 =32,85(g).
b). nAlCl3= \(\dfrac{0,9.2}{6}\)= 0,3(mol).
⇒mAlCl3= n.M = 0,3 . 133,5 =40,05(g).
c). nH2= \(\dfrac{0,3.3}{2}\)= 0,45(mol).
⇒VH2= n . 22,4 = 0,45 . 22,4= 10,08(g).
a, PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{14}{56}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Fe}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,25.36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\)
c, Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\)
a, \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
b, Ta có: 24nMg + 56nFe = 10,4 (1)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}+n_{Fe}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,2.24=4,8\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,5}=1,2\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,3.2=0,6\left(mol\right)\\a, 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ b,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{6}.0,6=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\ c,n_{Al}=n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{2}{6}.0,6=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\\ d,V_{ddAlCl_3}=V_{ddHCl}=0,3\left(l\right)\\ C_{MddHCl}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,3}=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(M\right)\)
200ml = 0,2l
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{19,5}{65}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2|\)
1 2 1 1
0,3 0,6 0,3 0,3
a) \(n_{ZnCl2}=\dfrac{0,3.1}{1}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(C_{M_{ZnCl2}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5\left(M\right)\)
b) \(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,3.1}{1}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
c) Pt : \(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O|\)
1 1 1 1
0,6 0,6
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,6.1}{1}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{NaOH}=0,6.40=24\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{24.100}{20}=120\left(g\right)\)
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