Cho abc=1 và \(\frac{a}{b^2}\)+\(\frac{b}{c^2}\)+\(\frac{c}{a^2}\)=\(\frac{b^2}{a}\)+\(\frac{c^2}{b}\)+\(\frac{a^2}{c}\)
CMR tồn tại ít nhất 1 trong 3 số là bình phương hai số còn lại
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Đặt \(\left(\frac{a}{b^2},\frac{b}{c^2},\frac{c}{a^2}\right)=\left(x,y,z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow xyz=\frac{abc}{a^2b^2c^2}=\frac{1}{abc}=1\)
Theo bài ra ta có : \(\frac{a}{b^2}+\frac{b}{c^2}+\frac{c}{a^2}=\frac{a^2}{c}+\frac{b^2}{a}+\frac{c^2}{b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z=\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z=xy+yz+xz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(xy-x-y+1\right)-1+z\left(x+y-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(xy-x-y+1\right)+z\left(x+y-1-xy\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)-z\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)\left(1-z\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a-b^2}{b^2}.\frac{b-c^2}{c^2}.\frac{a^2-c}{a^2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b^2\right)\left(b-c^2\right)\left(c-a^2\right)=0\)
Ta có đpcm
Đặt \(\frac{a}{b^2}=x;\frac{b}{c^2}=y;\frac{c}{a^2}=z\) thì \(\frac{b^2}{a}=\frac{1}{x};\frac{a^2}{c}=\frac{1}{y};\frac{c^2}{b}=\frac{1}{z}\)
\(\Rightarrow xyz=\frac{a}{b^2}\cdot\frac{b}{c^2}\cdot\frac{c}{a^2}=1\)
Ta có: \(x+y+z=\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}=xy+yz+zx\)
Lại có: \(\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)\left(z-1\right)=xyz-xy-yz-zx+x+y+z-1=1-x-y-z+x+y+z-1=0\)(vì xyz=1, xy+yz+zx=x+y+z)
=>x-1=0 hoặc y-1=0 hoặc z-1=0
=>x=1 hoặc y=1 hoặc z=1
=>a/b2=1 hoặc b/c2=1 hoặc c/a2=1
=>a=b2 hoặc b=c2 hoặc c=a2 (ĐPCM)
Cách khác
Ta có: \(\frac{a}{b^2}+\frac{b}{c^2}+\frac{c}{a^2}=\frac{b^2}{a}+\frac{a^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{b}\)
<=>\(a^2b^2c^2\left(\frac{a}{b^2}+\frac{b}{c^2}+\frac{c}{a^2}\right)=abc\left(\frac{b^2}{a}+\frac{a^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{b}\right)\) (a2b2c2=abc=1)
<=>\(\frac{a^3b^2c^2}{b^2}+\frac{a^2b^3c^2}{c^2}+\frac{a^2b^2c^3}{a^2}=\frac{ab^3c}{a}+\frac{a^3bc}{c}+\frac{abc^3}{b}\)
<=>\(a^3c^2+b^3a^2+c^3b^2=b^3c+a^3b+c^3a\)
<=>\(a^3c^2+b^3a^2+c^3b^2-b^3c-a^3b-c^3a-a^2b^2c^2+abc=0\) (a2b2c2=abc=1)
<=>\(\left(a^3c^2-a^2b^2c^2\right)+\left(b^3a^2-a^3b\right)+\left(c^3b^2-c^3a\right)+\left(abc-b^3c\right)=0\)
<=>\(-a^2c^2\left(b^2-a\right)+a^2b\left(b^2-a\right)+c^3\left(b^2-a\right)-bc\left(b^2-a\right)=0\)
<=>\(\left(b^2-a\right)\left(-a^2c^2+a^2b+c^3-bc\right)=0\)
<=>\(\left(b^2-a\right)\left[c^2\left(c-a^2\right)-b\left(c-a^2\right)\right]=0\)
<=>\(\left(b^2-a\right)\left(c^2-b\right)\left(c-a^2\right)=0\)
Đến đây dễ rồi
Ta có: ab2+bc2+ca2=a2c+b2a+c2bab2+bc2+ca2=a2c+b2a+c2b
⇔a3c2+b3a2+c3b2=b3c+c3a+a3b
⇔a3c2+b3a2+c3b2=b3c+c3a+a3b ( Do a2b2c2=abc=1)
⇔ a3c2+b3a2+c3b2 -b3c-c3a-a3b+a2b2c2-abc=0( Do a2b2c2=abc=1)
⇔(a2b2c2−a3c2)−(b3a2−a3b)−(c3b2−c3a)+(b3c−abc)=0
⇔(a2b2c2−a3c2)−(b3a2−a3b)−(c3b2−c3a)+(b3c−abc)=0
Tự phân tích thành nhân tử nhá: ⇔(b2−a)(c2−b)(a2−c)=0⇔(b2−a)(c2−b)(a2−c)=0
Đến đây suy ra ĐPCM
\(\frac{a^4c^3+b^4a^3+c^4b^3}{a^3b^3c^3}\)= \(\frac{b^4c+c^4a+a^4b}{abc}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(a^4c^3+b^4a^3+c^4b^3\)= \(b^4c+c^4a+a^4b\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(a^4\left(c^3-b\right)+b^4\left(a^3-c\right)+c^4\left(b^3-a\right)\)= 0
suy ra c^3 -b = 0 hoặc a^3 -c = 0 hoặc b^3 -a = 0
suy ra đpcm
đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{a}{b^3}\\y=\frac{b}{c^3}\\z=\frac{c}{a^3}\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{x}=\frac{b^3}{a}\\\frac{1}{y}=\frac{c^3}{b}\\\frac{1}{z}=\frac{a^3}{c}\end{cases}}\)khi đó xyz=1
đề bài <=> x+y+z =1/x +1/y +1/z => x+y+z =yz+xz+xy
từ đó => xyz+ (x+y+z) -(xy+yz+xz)-1=0 <=> (x-1)(y-1)(z-1)=0
vây tồn tại x=1 =>a=b^3 (đpcm")
1/ Đặt
\(\frac{a}{b^2}=x,\frac{b}{c^2}=y,\frac{c}{a^2}=z,xyz=1\)thì ta có
\(x+y+z=\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+zx=x+y+z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xyz-xy-yz-zx+x+y+z-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)\left(z-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=1;y=1;z=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b^2}=1;\frac{b}{c^2}=1;\frac{c}{a^2}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b^2;b=c^2;c=a^2\)
2/ Đặt
\(ab=x,bc=y,ca=z\) cần tính
\(P=\left(1+\frac{z}{y}\right)\left(1+\frac{x}{z}\right)\left(1+\frac{y}{x}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x+y+z=0\\x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx=0\end{cases}}\)
Xét \(x+y+z=0\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{x+y}{x}.\frac{y+z}{y}.\frac{z+x}{z}=\frac{\left(-x\right)\left(-y\right)\left(-z\right)}{xyz}=-1\)
Xét \(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)=8\)