tìm gtnn của biểu thức M, biết: M=(1+a)*(1+1/b)+(1+b)*(1+1/a) với a>0, b>0 và a^2+b^2=1
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Ta có :
\(M=\left(a+1\right)\left(1+\frac{a}{b}\right)+\left(b+1\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{a}\right)\)
\(=2+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}+a+b+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge2+2+a+b+\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(=4+a+b+\frac{2}{a+b}+\frac{2}{a+b}\ge4+2\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\frac{2}{a+b}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{2\left(a^2-b^2\right)}}=4+3\sqrt{2}\)
Vậy \(_{Min}M=4+3\sqrt{2}\)khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)
\(A=a^2+\dfrac{1}{16a^2}+b^2+\dfrac{1}{16b^2}+\dfrac{15}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}\right)\)
\(A\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2}{16a^2}}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2}{16b^2}}+\dfrac{15}{32}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2\)
\(A\ge1+\dfrac{15}{32}\left(\dfrac{4}{a+b}\right)^2\ge1+\dfrac{15}{32}.4\)
1) Áp dụng bđt Cauchy cho 3 số dương ta có
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+x^3\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{x}.x^3}=4\) (1)
\(\dfrac{3}{y^2}+y^2\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{y^2}.y^2}=2\sqrt{3}\) (2)
\(\dfrac{3}{z^3}+z=\dfrac{3}{z^3}+\dfrac{z}{3}+\dfrac{z}{3}+\dfrac{z}{3}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{3}{z^3}.\dfrac{z}{3}.\dfrac{z}{3}.\dfrac{z}{3}}=4\sqrt{3}\) (3)
Cộng (1);(2);(3) theo vế ta được
\(\left(\dfrac{3}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y^2}+\dfrac{3}{z^3}\right)+\left(x^3+y^2+z\right)\ge4+2\sqrt{3}+4\sqrt{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}\right)\ge3+4\sqrt{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3+4\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}=x^3\\\dfrac{3}{y^2}=y^2\\\dfrac{3}{z^3}=\dfrac{z}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\sqrt[4]{3}\\z=\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\) (thỏa mãn giả thiết ban đầu)
2) Ta có \(4\sqrt{ab}=2.\sqrt{a}.2\sqrt{b}\le a+4b\)
Dấu"=" khi a = 4b
nên \(\dfrac{8}{7a+4b+4\sqrt{ab}}\ge\dfrac{8}{7a+4b+a+4b}=\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)
Khi đó \(P\ge\dfrac{1}{a+b}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a+b}}+\sqrt{a+b}\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{a+b}=t>0\) ta được
\(P\ge\dfrac{1}{t^2}-\dfrac{1}{t}+t=\left(\dfrac{1}{t^2}-\dfrac{2}{t}+1\right)+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\)
Có \(\dfrac{1}{t}+t\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{t}.t}=2\) (BĐT Cauchy cho 2 số dương)
nên \(P=\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\ge\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+1\ge1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{t}-1=0\\t=\dfrac{1}{t}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow t=1\)(tm)
khi đó a + b = 1
mà a = 4b nên \(a=\dfrac{4}{5};b=\dfrac{1}{5}\)
Vậy MinP = 1 khi \(a=\dfrac{4}{5};b=\dfrac{1}{5}\)
\(\left(1+a\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{b}\right)+\left(1+b\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{a}\right)=2+a+b+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\)
\(\ge2+2+a+b+\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(=4+a+b+\frac{2}{a+b}+\frac{2}{a+b}\)
\(\ge4+2\sqrt{2}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}}\)
\(=4+2\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}=4+3\sqrt{2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)
Cauchy Schwars
\(M\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{9}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\ge9\Rightarrow M_{min}=9\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(M=\frac{1}{a^2+2bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+2ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+2ab}\ge\frac{9}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\ge9\)
Dau '=' xay ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Vay \(M_{min}=9\)
Hình như bạn viết nhầm đề, làm gì có số 9 ở đầu?
\(\frac{1}{1+a}+\frac{1}{1+b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}}\)
\(\frac{a}{1+a}+\frac{b}{1+b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}}\)
Cộng vế với vế: \(1\ge\frac{1+\sqrt{ab}}{\sqrt{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}}\Leftrightarrow\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\ge\left(1+\sqrt{ab}\right)^2\)
Áp dụng xuống dưới ta có:
\(M\ge\left(1+\sqrt{b}\right)^2\left(1+\frac{4}{\sqrt{b}}\right)^2=\left(5+\frac{4}{\sqrt{b}}+\sqrt{b}\right)^2\ge\left(5+2\sqrt{\frac{4\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{b}}}\right)^2=81\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=4\\a=2\end{matrix}\right.\)