Cho x , y , z < 0 thỏa mãn
\(x^2+y^2+z^2=1\) . Tìm Max : \(P=x^2y^3z^4\)
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Ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}|x+2y-z|\ge0;\forall x,y,z\\\left(x-y+3z\right)^2\ge0;\forall x,y,z\\\left(z-1\right)^4\ge0;\forall x,y,z\end{cases}}\)\(\Rightarrow|x+2y-z|+\left(x-y+3z\right)^2+\left(z-1\right)^4\ge0;\forall x,y,z\)
Do đó \(|x+2y-z|+\left(x-y+3z\right)^2+\left(z-1\right)^4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}|x+2y-z|=0\\\left(x-y+3z\right)^2=0\\\left(z-1\right)^4=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+2y-z=0\\x-y+3z=0\\z=1\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+2y=1\\x-y=-3\\z=1\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{-5}{3}\\y=\frac{4}{3}\\z=1\end{cases}}\)
Vậy ...
Ta có bđt \(\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)\)
\(\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)\)
Áp dụng nhiều lần bđt trên ta được
\(\(\frac{1}{3x+3y+2z}=\frac{1}{\left(2x+y+z\right)+\left(x+2y+z\right)}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}\right)\)\)
\(\(\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(y+z\right)}\right)\)\)
\(\(\le\frac{1}{4}\left[\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{x+z}+\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}\right)\right]\)\)
\(\(\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{2}{x+y}+\frac{1}{x+z}+\frac{1}{y+z}\right)\)\)
C/m tương tự cho các bđt còn lại
\(\(\frac{1}{3x+2y+3z}\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{2}{x+z}+\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}\right)\)\)
\(\(\frac{1}{2x+3y+3z}\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{2}{y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{x+z}\right)\)\)
Cộng vế theo vế được
\(\(P\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{4}{x+y}+\frac{4}{y+z}+\frac{4}{z+x}\right)=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{z+x}\right)=\frac{1}{4}.6=\frac{3}{2}\)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra
\(\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=y=z\\\frac{1}{2x}+\frac{1}{2x}+\frac{1}{2x=6}\end{cases}}\)\)
\(\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=y=z\\\frac{3}{2x}=6\end{cases}}\)\)
\(\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=y=z\\x=\frac{1}{4}\end{cases}}\)\)
\(\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{1}{4}\)\)
Vậy ..........
cách khác :))
\(6=\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{z+x}\ge\frac{9}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x+y+z\le3\)
\(P=\frac{1}{3x+3y+2z}+\frac{1}{3x+2y+3z}+\frac{1}{2x+3y+3z}\)
\(P=\frac{1}{3\left(x+y+z\right)-z}+\frac{1}{3\left(x+y+z\right)-y}+\frac{1}{3\left(x+y+z\right)-x}\)
\(\ge\frac{9}{9\left(x+y+z\right)-\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{9}{8\left(x+y+z\right)}\ge\frac{9}{8.3}=\frac{3}{8}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x=y=z=\frac{1}{4}\)
\(P+3=x+\left(y^2+1\right)+\left(z^3+1+1\right)\ge x+2y+3z\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge x+2y+3z-3\)
\(6=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{4}{2y}+\dfrac{9}{3z}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+2+3\right)^2}{x+2y+3z}\)
\(\Rightarrow x+2y+3z\ge6\Rightarrow P\ge3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)
Giả sử \(x=a;y=b;z=c\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{2x}{a}+\dfrac{3y}{b}+\dfrac{4z}{c}\ge9\sqrt[9]{\dfrac{x^2y^3z^4}{a^2b^3c^4}}\)
Mà \(\left(\dfrac{2x}{a}+\dfrac{3y}{b}+\dfrac{4z}{c}\right)^2\le\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(\dfrac{4}{a^2}+\dfrac{9}{b^2}+\dfrac{16}{c^2}\right)\)
Xảy ra khi \(\dfrac{ax}{2}=\dfrac{by}{3}=\dfrac{cz}{4}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{2}=\dfrac{b^2}{3}=\dfrac{c^2}{4}\)
Ta có hệ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a^2}{2}=\dfrac{b^2}{3}=\dfrac{c^2}{4}\\a^2+b^2+c^2=1\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow a=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{3};b=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{3};c=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Vậy \(Max_P=\dfrac{32\sqrt{3}}{6561}\) khi \(x=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{3};y=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{3};z=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
(x - 1)/2 = (y - 2)/3 = (z - 3)/4
=> (x - 1)/2 = 2(y - 2)/6 = 3(z - 3)/12 = [(x - 1) - 2(y - 2) + 3(z - 3)]/(2 - 6 + 12) = [(x - 2y + 3z) - 6]/8
Vì x - 2y + 3z = 14
=> (x - 1)/2 = (y - 2)/3 = (z - 3)/4 = (14 - 6)/8 = 1
=> x = 3, y = 5, z = 7
Vay khi : x+y+z=3+5+7=15
Có: \(\frac{y-2}{3}=\frac{2y-4}{6};\frac{z-3}{4}=\frac{3z-9}{12}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x-1}{2}=\frac{y-2}{3}=\frac{z-3}{4}=\frac{2y-4}{6}=\frac{3z-9}{12}\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\frac{x-1}{2}=\frac{y-2}{3}=\frac{z-3}{4}=\frac{2y-4}{6}=\frac{3z-9}{12}=\frac{x-1-2y+4+3z-9}{2-6+12}=\frac{14-6}{8}=\frac{8}{8}=1\)
Vì \(\frac{x-1}{2}=1\Rightarrow x-1=1.2=2\Rightarrow x=2+1=3\)
\(\frac{y-2}{3}=1\Rightarrow y-2=3.1=3\Rightarrow y=3+2=5\)
\(\frac{z-3}{4}=1\Rightarrow z-3=1.4=4\Rightarrow z=4+3=7\)
Tự kết luận
Ta có : \(\frac{x-1}{2}=\frac{y-2}{3}=\frac{z-3}{4}\Rightarrow\frac{x-1}{2}=\frac{2\left(y-2\right)}{6}=\frac{3\left(x-3\right)}{12}\)
hay
\(\frac{x-1}{2}=\frac{2y-4}{6}=\frac{3z-9}{12}\) và \(x-2y+3z=-10\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau , ta có :
\(\frac{x-1}{2}=\frac{2y-4}{6}=\frac{3z-9}{12}=\frac{x-1-\left(2y-4\right)+\left(3z-9\right)}{2-6+12}=\frac{x-1-2y-4+3z-9}{8}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x-2y+3z\right)-\left(9+1-4\right)}{8}=\frac{-10-6}{8}=-\frac{16}{8}=-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}x-1=-2.2=-4\Rightarrow x=-4+1=-3\\y-2=-2.3=-6\Rightarrow y=-6+2=-4\\z-3=-2.4=-8\Rightarrow z=-8+3=-5\end{cases}\)
Khi đó : \(x+y+z=\left(-3\right)+\left(-4\right)+\left(-5\right)=-12\)
Vậy ............
Giả sử \(x=a;y=b;z=c\)
Ta có : \(\frac{2x}{a}+\frac{3y}{b}+\frac{4z}{c}\ge9\sqrt[9]{\frac{x^2y^3z^4}{a^2b^3c^4}}\)
Mà \(\left(\frac{2x}{a}+\frac{3y}{b}+\frac{4z}{c}\right)^2\le\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(\frac{4}{a^2}+\frac{9}{b^2}+\frac{16}{c^2}\right)\)
Xảy ra khi : \(\frac{ax}{2}=\frac{by}{3}=\frac{cz}{4}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{2}=\frac{b^2}{3}=\frac{c^2}{4}\)
Ta có hệ \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{a^2}{2}=\frac{b^2}{3}=\frac{c^2}{4}\\a^2+b^2+c^2\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow a=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{3};b=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3};c=\frac{2}{3}}\)
Vậy \(P_{max}=\frac{32\sqrt{3}}{6561}\) khi \(x=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{3};y=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3};z=\frac{2}{3}\)
Chúc bạn học tốt !!!