Cho hình vuông ABCD có tâm ) và cạnh a . M là 1 điểm bất kỳ
a, Tính \(\left|\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{OD}\right|,\left|\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{OC}+\overrightarrow{OD}\right|\)
b, Tính độ dài vecto MA - MB - MC + MD
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Gọi N là trung điểm BC
\(\left|\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MC}+2\overrightarrow{MB}+2\overrightarrow{OC}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{AD}\right|\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|2\overrightarrow{MO}+2\overrightarrow{MB}+2\overrightarrow{OC}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{AD}\right|\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|2\overrightarrow{MC}+2\overrightarrow{MB}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{AD}\right|\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\left|\overrightarrow{MN}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{BD}\right|\)
\(\Rightarrow\left|\overrightarrow{BD}\right|=4\left|\overrightarrow{MN}\right|=4\left|\overrightarrow{DN}+\overrightarrow{MD}\right|\ge4MD-4DN\)
\(\Rightarrow4MD\le BD+4DN\)
\(\Leftrightarrow MD\le\dfrac{BD+4DN}{4}=\dfrac{a\sqrt{2}+2a\sqrt{5}}{4}=\dfrac{2\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{2}}{4}a\)
a/ \(\left|\overrightarrow{OA}+\overrightarrow{OC}+\overrightarrow{OB}+\overrightarrow{OD}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{0}+\overrightarrow{0}\right|=0\)
b/ \(\left|\overrightarrow{OA}+\overrightarrow{OB}\right|+\left|\overrightarrow{OC}+\overrightarrow{OD}\right|=a+a=2a\)
c/
\(\left|\overrightarrow{OA}+\overrightarrow{OC}+\overrightarrow{OB}\right|+\left|\overrightarrow{OD}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{OB}\right|+\left|\overrightarrow{OD}\right|=2\left|\overrightarrow{OB}\right|=2\sqrt{a^2-\frac{a^2}{4}}=a\sqrt{3}\)
Ta có: \(AB = BC = CD = DA = 1;\)
\(AC = BD = \sqrt {A{B^2} + B{C^2}} = \sqrt {{1^2} + {1^2}} = \sqrt 2 \)
a) \(\overrightarrow a = \overrightarrow {OB} - \overrightarrow {OD} = \overrightarrow {OB} + \overrightarrow {DO} = \left( {\overrightarrow {DO} + \overrightarrow {OB} } \right) = \overrightarrow {DB} \)
\( \Rightarrow \left| {\overrightarrow a } \right| = \left| {\overrightarrow {DB} } \right| = DB = \sqrt 2 \)
b) \(\overrightarrow b = \left( {\overrightarrow {OC} - \overrightarrow {OA} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {DB} - \overrightarrow {DC} } \right)\)
\( = \left( {\overrightarrow {OC} + \overrightarrow {AO} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {DB} + \overrightarrow {CD} } \right) = \left( {\overrightarrow {AO} + \overrightarrow {OC} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {CD} + \overrightarrow {DB} } \right)\)
\( = \overrightarrow {AC} + \overrightarrow {CB} = \overrightarrow {AB} \)
\( \Rightarrow \left| {\overrightarrow b } \right| = \left| {\overrightarrow {AB} } \right| = AB = 1\)
Chú ý khi giải:
Khi có dấu trừ phía trước ta thường thay bằng vectơ đối của nó và ngược lại
\(\left|\overrightarrow{OA}-\overrightarrow{CB}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{OA}+\overrightarrow{BC}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{OA}+\overrightarrow{AD}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{OD}\right|=OD=\dfrac{1}{2}BD=\dfrac{a\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
\(\left|\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{DC}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AB}\right|=2\left|\overrightarrow{AB}\right|=2AB=2a\)
\(\left|\overrightarrow{CD}-\overrightarrow{DA}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{CD}+\overrightarrow{AD}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AD}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{BD}\right|=BD=a\sqrt{2}\)
a, \(AC=\dfrac{AB}{sin45^o}=\dfrac{a}{\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}}=a\sqrt{2}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}=AB.AC.cos\widehat{BAC}=a.a\sqrt{2}.cos45^o=a^2\)
b, \(\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{BD}+\overrightarrow{BC}\right)=\overrightarrow{AC}\left(\overrightarrow{BD}+\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
\(=\overrightarrow{AC}.\overrightarrow{BD}+\overrightarrow{AC}.\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(=AC.BD.cos90^o+AC.AD.cos45^o\)
\(=a\sqrt{2}.a\sqrt{2}.0+a\sqrt{2}.a.\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}=a^2\)
c, \(\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{BD}=AB.BD.cos135^o=-a.a\sqrt{2}.\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}=-a^2\)
d, \(\left(\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AB}\right)\left(2\overrightarrow{AD}-\overrightarrow{AB}\right)=\overrightarrow{BC}.\left(\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{BD}\right)\)
\(=\overrightarrow{BC}.\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{BC}.\overrightarrow{BD}\)
\(=AD^2+BC.BD.cos45^o\)
\(=a^2+a.a\sqrt{2}.\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}=2a^2\)
e, \(\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{AD}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{DA}+\overrightarrow{DB}+\overrightarrow{DC}\right)\)
\(=\left(\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{DB}+\overrightarrow{DB}\right)\)
\(=4.\overrightarrow{AC}.\overrightarrow{DB}=4.AC.DB.cos90^o=0\)
a)\(\overrightarrow{|AB}+\overrightarrow{OD|}=\left|\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BO}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{AO}\right|=\frac{a\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
b)\(\left|\overrightarrow{MA}-\overrightarrow{MB}-\overrightarrow{MC}+\overrightarrow{MD}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{CM}+\overrightarrow{MD}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{CD}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BA}\right|=2a\)
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