tinh nong do mol/lit cua cac ion
tron lan 15 ml dd naoh 2m voi 10ml dd h2so4 3m
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\(a.n_{NaOH}=1.0,15=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ n_{KOH}=0,5.0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \left[Na^+\right]=\left[NaOH\right]=\dfrac{0,15}{0,15+0,1}=0,6\left(M\right)\\ \left[K^+\right]=\left[KOH\right]=\dfrac{0,05}{0,1+0,15}=0,2\left(M\right)\\ \left[OH^-\right]=0,2+0,6=0,8\left(M\right)\\ b.2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ 2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}.\left(n_{KOH}+n_{NaOH}\right)=\dfrac{0,15+0,05}{2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ a=C_{MddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5\left(M\right)\)
\(a.n_{HCl}=0,1.1=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=0,5.0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \left[HCl\right]=\dfrac{0,1}{0,1+0,1}=0,5\left(M\right)\\ \left[H_2SO_4\right]=\dfrac{0,05}{0,1+0,1}=0,25\left(M\right)\\ \left[H^+\right]=0,5+0,25.2=1\left(M\right)\\ \left[SO^{2-}_4\right]=\left[H_2SO_4\right]=0,25\left(M\right)\\ \left[Cl^-\right]=\left[HCl\right]=0,5\left(M\right)\)
\(b.BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+2HCl\\ n_{BaSO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ m_{\downarrow}=m_{BaSO_4}=233.0,05=11,65\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H^+}=n_{HNO_3}=V\)mol
\(n_{OH^-}=n_{NaOH}=0,5.0,2=0,1\) mol
\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
0,1<--0,1
\(\Rightarrow n_{H^+}=V=0,1\)lít = 100 ml
\(NaOH+HNO_3\rightarrow NaNO_3+H_2O\)
0,1 -----> 0,1 ---------->0,1
\(NaNO_3\rightarrow Na^++NO_3^-\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[Na^+\right]=\left[NO_3^-\right]=\dfrac{0,1}{0,1+0,2}=0,33M\)
1.
Theo đề bài ta có : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}nAl=\dfrac{0,54}{27}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\nH2SO4=\dfrac{120.4,9}{100.98}=0,06\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH :
\(2Al+3H2SO4->Al2\left(So4\right)3+3H2\uparrow\)
0,02mol...0,03mol.......0,01mol.............0,03mol
Theo PTHH ta có : nAl = \(\dfrac{0,02}{2}mol< nH2SO4=\dfrac{0,06}{2}mol=>nH2SO4\left(dư\right)\) ( tính theo nal)
=> VH2(đktc) = 0,03.22,4 = 6,72(l)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%ddH2SO4\left(dư\right)=\dfrac{\left(0,06-0,03\right).98}{0,54+120-0,03.2}.100\%\approx2,44\%\\C\%ddAl2\left(SO4\right)3=\dfrac{0,01.302}{0,54+120-0,03.2}.100\%\approx2,5\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo đề bài ta có : nNa2O = \(\dfrac{15,5}{62}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
a) PTHH :
\(Na2O+H2O->2NaOH\)
0,25mol....0,25mol.....0,5mol
b) Nồng độ mol dd A là :
CMddNaOH = 0,5/0,5 = 1(M)
c) PTHH :
\(2NaOH+H2SO4->Na2SO4+H2O\)
0,5mol.........0,25mol
=> mddH2SO4 = \(\dfrac{0,25.98}{20}.100=122,5\left(g\right)=>VddH2SO4=\dfrac{122,5}{1,14}\approx107,5\left(ml\right)\)
\(n_{BaSO_4}=\frac{m}{M}=\frac{32,62}{233}=0,14mol\)
PTHH:
\(Ba\left(OH\right)_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+2H_2O\)
0,14 0,14 0,14 0,28 (mol)
Gọi \(V_{ddH_2SO_4}\)cần thêm là x
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\frac{m}{M}=\frac{98}{98}=1mol\)
\(C^{\left(A\right)}_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\frac{1}{1}=1M\)
\(n^{\left(A\right)}_{H2SO4}=C_M.V=1.x=xmol\)
\(n_{H2SO4}=C_M.V=2.0,4=0,8mol\)
\(C_{MX}=\frac{n}{V}=\frac{0,8+x}{0,4+x}\left(M\right)\)
\(n_X=C_{MX}.V\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0,14=\frac{0,8+x}{0,4+x}.0,1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{0,14}{0,1}=\frac{0,8+x}{0,4+x}\)
⇔0,08+0,1x=0,56+0,14x
⇔x=0,6(l)
Vậy cần thêm 0,6 l dung dịch
Tính CM của chất nào vậy