Question

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Cho a, b \(\in Z\) và b> 0. So sánh hai số hữu tỉ \(\frac{a}{b}\)và \(\frac{a+1}{b+1}\)

Answer 1

[Trần Đại Nghĩa]

\(\frac{a+1}{b+1}>\frac{a}{b}\)

Answer 2

[KhảTâm]

Để so sánh \(\frac{a}{b}\)và \(\frac{a+1}{b+1}\), ta đi so sánh hai số \(a\left(b+1\right)\)và \(b\left(a+1\right)\).

Xét hiệu:

           \(a\left(b+1\right)-b\left(a+1\right)=ab+a-\left(ab+b\right)=a-b\)

Ta có 3 trường hợp, với điều kiện b > 0:

Trường hợp 1: Nếu \(a-b=0\Leftrightarrow a=b\)thì:

\(a\left(b+1\right)-b\left(a+1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow a\left(b+1\right)=b\left(a+1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a\left(b+1\right)}{b\left(a+1\right)}=\frac{b\left(a+1\right)}{a\left(b+1\right)}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b}=\frac{a+1}{b+1}\)

Trường hợp 2: Nếu \(a-b< 0\Leftrightarrow a< b\)thì:

\(a\left(b+1\right)-b\left(a+1\right)< 0\Leftrightarrow a\left(b+1\right)< b\left(a+1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a\left(b+1\right)}{b\left(a+1\right)}< \frac{b\left(a+1\right)}{a\left(b+1\right)}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+1}{b+1}\)

Trường hợp 3: Nếu \(a-b>0\Leftrightarrow a>b\)thì:

\(a\left(b+1\right)-b\left(a+1\right)>0\Leftrightarrow a\left(b+1\right)>b\left(a+1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a\left(b+1\right)}{b\left(a+1\right)}>\frac{b\left(a+1\right)}{a\left(b+1\right)}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b}>\frac{a+1}{b+1}\)