Chứng minh rằng:
a) x4 + y2 +z2 \(\ge\) 2x(xy2 - x +z +1)
b) \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{a+c}+\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)Với a,b,c\(\ge\) 0
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Mấy cái dấu "=" anh tự xét.
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM: \(VT=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}=\frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}\ge\frac{3}{\frac{a+b+c}{3}}=\frac{9}{a+b+c}\)
a) Áp dụng: \(VT\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}.\frac{9}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
b) \(P=3-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\le3-\frac{9}{x+y+z+3}=\frac{3}{4}\)
Ta chứng minh BĐT sau với các số dương:
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
Thật vậy, BĐT tương đương: \(\dfrac{x+y}{xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Áp dụng:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{4}{b+c}\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\dfrac{4}{c+a}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}+\dfrac{4}{b+c}+\dfrac{4}{c+a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{2}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}+\dfrac{2}{c+a}\)
b.
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{a}+\dfrac{3}{b}\ge\dfrac{12}{a+b}\) (1)
\(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{4}{b+c}\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\ge\dfrac{8}{b+c}\) (2)
\(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\dfrac{4}{c+a}\) (3)
Cộng vế với vế (1); (2) và (3):
\(\dfrac{4}{a}+\dfrac{5}{b}+\dfrac{3}{c}\ge4\left(\dfrac{3}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
hơn 1 năm rồi không ai làm :'(
a) Áp dụng bđt Cauchy ta có :
\(a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\)(1)
\(b+c\ge2\sqrt{bc}\)(2)
\(c+a\ge2\sqrt{ca}\)(3)
Nhân (1), (2), (3) theo vế
=> \(\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge8\sqrt{a^2b^2c^2}=8\sqrt{\left(abc\right)^2}=8\left|abc\right|=8abc\)
=> đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b=c
\(\frac{a}{a+b}\)>= \(\frac{a}{a+a}\)= \(\frac{1}{2}\)( vì a + a >= a + b vì a >= b )
\(\frac{b}{b+c}\) >= \(\frac{b}{b+b}\)= \(\frac{1}{2}\)( vì b + b >= b + c vì b >= c )
\(\frac{c}{c+a}\)>= \(\frac{c}{c+c}\) = \(\frac{1}{2}\)( vì c + c >= c + a vì c>=0 )
Từ 3 điều này suy ra
\(\frac{a}{a+b}\)+ \(\frac{b}{b+c}\)+ \(\frac{c}{c+a}\)>= \(\frac{3}{2}\)
dễ dàng c/m (x+y+z)(1/x+1/y+1/z) \(\ge\) 9,dấu "=" khi x=y=z (*)
a/a+b +b/b+c +c/c+a >= 3/2
<=>(a/b+c + 1) + (b/c+a + 1) + (c/a+b + 1) >= 3/2+1+1+1
<=>(a+b+c)/(b+c) + (a+b+c)/(c+a) + (a+b+c)/(a+b) >= 9/2
<=>2(a+b+c)(1/b+c + 1/c+a + 1/a+b) >= 9/2
<=>[(b+c)+(c+a)+(a+b)](1/b+c + 1/c+a + 1/a+b) >= 9/2 (bđt (*))
Đặt: a + b = x; b + c = y; c + a = z
Thì ta có: x \(\ge\)z \(\ge\)y
Theo đề bài ta có:
\(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+a}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{a+b}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{b}{b+c}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{c}{c+a}-\frac{1}{2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a-b}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{b-c}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{c-a}{2\left(c+a\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{z-y}{2x}+\frac{x-z}{2y}+\frac{y-x}{2z}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy^2+yz^2+zx^2-x^2y-y^2z-z^2x\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(y-x\right)\left(z-y\right)\left(z-x\right)\ge0\)(1)
Mà ta lại có
\(\hept{\begin{cases}y-x\le0\\z-x\le0\\z-y\ge0\end{cases}}\)nên (1) đúng
\(\Rightarrow\)ĐPCM
Đấu = xảy ra khi x = y = z hay a = b = c
Đặt b+c=m
a+c=n
a+b=p
=>a+b+c =\(\frac{m+n+p}{2}\)
a=\(\frac{n+p-m}{2}\)
b=\(\frac{m+p-n}{2}\)
c=\(\frac{m+n-p}{2}\)
=>\(\frac{n+p-m}{2m}+\frac{m+n-p}{2n}+\frac{m+n-p}{2p}\)
=\(\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{n}{m}+\frac{m}{n}\right)\) +\(\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{p}{m}+\frac{m}{p}\right)\) +\(\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{p}{n}+\frac{n}{p}\right)\) -\(\frac{3}{2}\) \(\ge\) \(\frac{3}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cosi cho 2 số \(\frac{n}{m};\frac{m}{n}\) ta được:
Từ chứng minh tiếp ....
2a)với a,b,c là các số thực ta có
\(a^2-ab+b^2=\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}\ge\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2}=\frac{1}{2}\left|a+b\right|\)
tương tự \(\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left|b+c\right|\)
tương tự \(\sqrt{c^2-ca+a^2}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left|a+c\right|\)
cộng từng vế mỗi BĐT ta được \(\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2-ca+a^2}\ge\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{2}=a+b+c\)
dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a=b=c
a)Áp dụng BĐT cosi-schwart:
`A=1/a+1/b+1/c>=9/(a+b+c)`
Mà `a+b+c<=3/2`
`=>A>=9:3/2=6`
Dấu "=" `<=>a=b=c=1/2`
b)Áp dụng BĐT cosi:
`a+1/(4a)>=1`
`b+1/(4b)>=1`
`c+1/(4c)>=1`
`=>a+b+c+1/(4a)+1/(4b)+1/(4c)>=3`
Ta có:
`1/a+1/b+1/c>=6`(Ở câu a)
`=>3/4(1/a+1/b+1/c)>=9/2`
`=>a+b+c+1/(a)+1/(b)+1/(c)>=3+9/2=15/2`
Dấu "=" `<=>a=b=c=1/2`
a)Áp dụng BĐT cosi-schwart:
A=1a+1b+1c≥9a+b+cA=1a+1b+1c≥9a+b+c
Mà a+b+c≤32a+b+c≤32
⇒A≥9:32=6⇒A≥9:32=6
Dấu "=" ⇔a=b=c=12⇔a=b=c=12
b)Áp dụng BĐT cosi:
a+14a≥1a+14a≥1
b+14b≥1b+14b≥1
c+14c≥1c+14c≥1
⇒a+b+c+14a+14b+14c≥3⇒a+b+c+14a+14b+14c≥3
Ta có:
1a+1b+1c≥61a+1b+1c≥6(Ở câu a)
⇒34(1a+1b+1c)≥92⇒34(1a+1b+1c)≥92
⇒a+b+c+1a+1b+1c≥3+92=152⇒a+b+c+1a+1b+1c≥3+92=152
Dấu "=" ⇔a=b=c=12
a) Đặt: \(b+c=x;c+a=y;a+b=z\)
Có: \(x+y-z=b+c+c+a-a-b=2c\)
=> \(c=\frac{x+y-z}{2}\)
Tương tự ta cũng có:
\(a=\frac{y+z-x}{2};b=\frac{x+z-y}{2}\)
Có: \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\)
=\(\frac{y+z-x}{2x}+\frac{x+z-y}{2y}+\frac{x+y-z}{2z}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{y}{x}+\frac{z}{x}-1+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{z}{y}-1+\frac{x}{z}+\frac{y}{z}-1\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left[\left(\frac{y}{x}+\frac{x}{y}\right)+\left(\frac{z}{x}+\frac{x}{z}\right)+\left(\frac{z}{y}+\frac{y}{z}\right)-3\right]\) (1)
Áp dụng bđt cô si ta có:
\(\frac{y}{x}+\frac{x}{y}\ge2;\frac{z}{x}+\frac{x}{z}\ge2;\frac{z}{y}+\frac{y}{z}\ge2\)
=> \(\left(1\right)\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(2+2+2-3\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
b) Có: \(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b+c}{4}=\frac{\left(2a\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2}{4\left(b+c\right)}\) (1)
VÌ: \(\left[2a-\left(b+c\right)\right]^2\ge0\)
=> \(\left(2a\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2\ge4a\left(b+c\right)\)
=> \(\left(1\right)\ge\frac{4a\left(b+c\right)}{4\left(b+c\right)}=a\)
Hay: \(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b+c}{4}\ge a\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{b+c}\ge a-\frac{b+c}{4}\) (2)
Tương tự ta cũng có: \(\frac{b^2}{c+a}\ge b-\frac{c+a}{4}\) (3)
\(\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge c-\frac{a+b}{4}\) (4)
Cộng vế với vế (2);(3);(4) ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge a+b+c-\left(\frac{b+c+c+a+a+b}{4}\right)=\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{a+b+c}{2}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)