Cho A = \(\frac{m-1}{1}+\frac{m-2}{2}+....+\frac{2}{m-2}+\frac{1}{m-1}\)
B = \(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{n}\)
Tính A/B
K
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HP
29 tháng 7 2016
bài 1) Đặt \(B=\frac{m-n}{p}+\frac{n-p}{m}+\frac{p-m}{n}\)
Ta có: \(A=B.\left(\frac{p}{m-n}+\frac{m}{n-p}+\frac{n}{p-m}\right)=B.\frac{p}{m-n}+B.\frac{m}{n-p}+B.\frac{n}{p-m}\)
\(B.\frac{p}{m-n}=\left(\frac{m-n}{p}+\frac{n-p}{m}+\frac{p-m}{n}\right).\frac{p}{m-n}=\frac{m-n}{p}.\frac{p}{m-n}+\frac{n-p}{m}.\frac{p}{m-n}+\frac{p-m}{n}.\frac{p}{m-n}\)
\(=1+\frac{n-p}{m}.\frac{p}{m-n}+\frac{p-m}{n}.\frac{p}{m-n}=1+\frac{p}{m-n}.\left(\frac{n-p}{m}+\frac{p-m}{n}\right)\)
\(=1+\frac{p}{m-n}.\left[\frac{\left(n-p\right).n}{mn}+\frac{\left(p-m\right).m}{mn}\right]=1+\frac{p}{m-n}.\frac{n^2-np+pm-m^2}{mn}\)
\(=1+\frac{p}{m-n}.\frac{\left(m-n\right).\left(p-m-n\right)}{mn}=1+\frac{p.\left(m-n\right).\left(p-m-n\right)}{\left(m-n\right).mn}=1+\frac{p.\left(p-m-n\right)}{mn}\)
\(=1+\frac{p^2-pm-pn}{mn}=1+\frac{p^2-p.\left(m+n\right)}{mn}\)
Vì m+n+p=0=>m+n=-p
\(=>B.\frac{p}{m-n}=1+\frac{p^2-p.\left(-p\right)}{mn}=1+\frac{2p^2}{mn}=1+\frac{2p^3}{mnp}\left(1\right)\)
\(B.\frac{m}{n-p}=\left(\frac{m-n}{p}+\frac{n-p}{m}+\frac{p-m}{n}\right).\frac{m}{n-p}=\frac{m-n}{p}.\frac{m}{n-p}+\frac{n-p}{m}.\frac{m}{n-p}+\frac{p-m}{n}.\frac{m}{n-p}\)
\(=1+\frac{m-n}{p}.\frac{m}{n-p}+\frac{p-m}{n}.\frac{m}{n-p}=1+\frac{m}{n-p}.\left(\frac{m-n}{p}+\frac{p-m}{n}\right)\)
\(=1+\frac{m}{n-p}.\left[\frac{\left(m-n\right).n}{np}+\frac{\left(p-m\right).p}{np}\right]=1+\frac{m}{n-p}.\frac{mn-n^2+p^2-mp}{np}\)
\(=1+\frac{m}{n-p}.\frac{\left(n-p\right).\left(m-n-p\right)}{np}=1+\frac{m.\left(n-p\right).\left(m-n-p\right)}{\left(n-p\right).np}=1+\frac{m.\left(m-n-p\right)}{np}\)
\(=1+\frac{m^2-mn-mp}{np}=1+\frac{m^2-m\left(n+p\right)}{np}=1+\frac{m^2-m.\left(-m\right)}{np}=1+\frac{2m^2}{np}=1+\frac{2m^3}{mnp}\left(2\right)\) (vì m+n+p=0=>n+p=-m)
\(B.\frac{n}{p-m}=\left(\frac{m-n}{p}+\frac{n-p}{m}+\frac{p-m}{n}\right).\frac{n}{p-m}=\frac{m-n}{p}.\frac{n}{p-m}+\frac{n-p}{m}.\frac{n}{p-m}+\frac{p-m}{n}.\frac{n}{p-m}\)
\(=1+\frac{m-n}{p}.\frac{n}{p-m}+\frac{n-p}{m}.\frac{n}{p-m}=1+\frac{n}{p-m}.\left(\frac{m-n}{p}+\frac{n-p}{m}\right)\)
\(=1+\frac{n}{p-m}.\left[\frac{\left(m-n\right).m}{pm}+\frac{\left(n-p\right).p}{pm}\right]=1+\frac{n}{p-m}.\frac{m^2-mn+np-p^2}{pm}\)
\(=1+\frac{n}{p-m}.\frac{\left(p-m\right).\left(n-p-m\right)}{pm}=1+\frac{n.\left(p-m\right).\left(n-p-m\right)}{\left(p-m\right).pm}=1+\frac{n.\left(n-p-m\right)}{pm}\)
\(=1+\frac{n^2-np-mn}{pm}=1+\frac{n^2-n\left(p+m\right)}{pm}=1+\frac{n^2-n.\left(-n\right)}{pm}=1+\frac{2n^2}{pm}=1+\frac{2n^3}{mnp}\left(3\right)\) (vì m+n+p=0=>p+m=-n)
Từ (1),(2),(3) suy ra :
\(A=B.\frac{p}{m-n}+B.\frac{m}{n-p}+B.\frac{n}{p-m}=\left(1+\frac{2p^3}{mnp}\right)+\left(1+\frac{2m^3}{mnp}\right)+\left(1+\frac{2n^3}{mnp}\right)\)
\(=3+\frac{2p^3}{mnp}+\frac{2m^3}{mnp}+\frac{2n^3}{mnp}=3+\frac{2.\left(m^3+n^3+p^3\right)}{mnp}\)
*Tới đây để tính được m3+n3+p3,ta cần CM được bài toán phụ sau:
Đề: Cho m+n+p=0.CMR: \(m^3+n^3+p^3=3mnp\)
Từ m+n+p=0=>m+n=-p
Ta có: \(m^3+n^3+p^3=\left(m+n\right)^3-3m^2n-3mn^2+p^3=-p^3-3mn\left(m+n\right)+p^3\)
\(=-3mn\left(m+n\right)=-3mn.\left(-p\right)=3mnp\)
Vậy ta đã CM được bài toán phụ
*Trở lại bài toán chính: \(A=3+\frac{2.3mnp}{mnp}=3+\frac{6mnp}{mnp}=3+6=9\)
Vậy A=9
HP
29 tháng 7 2016
bài 2)
a)Nhận thấy các thừa số của A đều có dạng tổng quát sau:
\(n^3+1=n^3+1^3=\left(n+1\right)\left(n^2-n+1\right)=\left(n+1\right).\left(n^2-n+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\right)\)
\(=\left(n+1\right).\left(n^2-2.n.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\right)=\left(n+1\right).\left[\left(n-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\right]=\left(n+1\right).\left[\left(n-0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]\)
\(n^3-1=n^3-1^3=\left(n-1\right)\left(n^2+n+1\right)=\left(n-1\right).\left(n^2+n+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\right)\)
\(=\left(n-1\right).\left(n^2+2.n.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\right)=\left(n-1\right).\left[\left(n+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\right]=\left(n-1\right).\left[\left(n+0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]\)
suy ra \(\frac{n^3+1}{n^3-1}=\frac{\left(n+1\right).\left[\left(n-0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}{\left(n-1\right).\left[\left(n+0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}\)
Do đó: \(\frac{2^3+1}{2^3-1}=\frac{\left(2+1\right).\left[\left(2-0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}{\left(2-1\right).\left[\left(2+0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}=\frac{3.\left(1,5^2+0,75\right)}{1.\left(2,5^2+0,75\right)}\)
\(\frac{3^3+1}{3^3-1}=\frac{\left(3+1\right).\left[\left(3-0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}{\left(3-1\right).\left[\left(3+0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}=\frac{4.\left(2,5^2+0,75\right)}{2.\left(3,5^2+0,75\right)}\)
...........................
\(\frac{10^3+1}{10^3-1}=\frac{\left(10+1\right).\left[\left(10-0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}{\left(10-1\right).\left[\left(10+0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}=\frac{11.\left(9,5^2+0,75\right)}{9.\left(10,5^2+0,75\right)}\)
\(=>A=\frac{3\left(1,5^2+0,75\right).4\left(2,5^2+0,75\right)........11.\left(9,5^2+0,75\right)}{1\left(2,5^2+0,75\right).2.\left(3,5^2+0,75\right)........9\left(10,5^2+0,75\right)}=\frac{3.4........11}{1.2......9}.\frac{1,5^2+0,75}{10,5^2+0,75}\)
\(=\frac{10.11}{2}.\frac{1}{37}=\frac{2036}{37}\)
Vậy A=2036/37
b) có thể ở chỗ 1+1/4 bn nhầm,phải là \(1^4+\frac{1}{4}\) ,mà chắc cũng chẳng sao,vì 14=1 mà
Nhận thấy các thừa số của B có dạng tổng quát:
\(n^4+\frac{1}{4}=n^4+n^2+\frac{1}{4}-n^2=\left(n^2\right)^2+2.n^2.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}-n^2=\left(n^2+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-n^2\)
\(=\left(n^2+\frac{1}{2}-n\right)\left(n^2+\frac{1}{2}+n\right)\)
\(B=\frac{\left(1^2+\frac{1}{2}-1\right).\left(1^2+\frac{1}{2}+1\right).\left(3^2+\frac{1}{2}+3\right).\left(3^2+\frac{1}{2}-3\right)..........\left(9^2+\frac{1}{2}-9\right).\left(9^2+\frac{1}{2}+9\right)}{\left(2^2+\frac{1}{2}-2\right).\left(2^2+\frac{1}{2}+2\right).\left(4^2+\frac{1}{2}-4\right).\left(4^2+\frac{1}{2}+4\right)......\left(10^2+\frac{1}{2}-10\right).\left(10^2+\frac{1}{2}+10\right)}\)
Mặt khác,ta cũng có: \(\left(a+1\right)^2-\left(a+1\right)+\frac{1}{2}=a^2+2a+1-a-1+\frac{1}{2}=a^2+a+\frac{1}{2}\)
Suy ra \(B=\frac{1^2+\frac{1}{2}-1}{10^2+\frac{1}{2}+10}=\frac{1}{221}\)
Vậy B=1/221
HT
28 tháng 2 2018
a) A= 1/2010+1+2/2009+1+3/2008+1+...+2009/2+1+1
= 2011/2010+20011/2009+2011/2008+...+2011/2+2011/2011
= 2011(1/2+1/3+1/4+...+1/2011)
Ta có: B= 1/2+1/3+1/4+...+1/2011
suy ra A/B= 2011
ML
28 tháng 1 2020
b)
program hotrotinhoc;
var s: real;
i,n: byte;
function t(x: byte): longint;
var j: byte;
t1: longint;
begin
t1:=1;
for j:=1 to x do
t1:=t1*j;
t1:=t;
end;
begin
readln(n);
s:=0;
for i:=1 to n do
s:=s+1/t(i);
write(s:1:2);
readln
end.
c) Đề em ghi sai rồi thế này với đúng :
\(T=1+\frac{2}{2^2}+\frac{3}{3^2}+\frac{4}{4^2}+...+\frac{n}{n^2}\)
program hotrotinhoc;
var t: real;
n,i: byte;
begin
readln(n);
t:=0;
for i:=1 to n do
t:=t+i/(i*i);
write(t:1:2);
readln
end.
9 tháng 10 2016
Bài 1:
Có: \(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{n}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+\frac{\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)< 2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
Có: \(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{4\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}\)
xong bn áp dụng lên trên lm tiếp
9 tháng 10 2016
Bài 3:
theo bđt cô si ta có:
\(\sqrt{\frac{b+c}{a}\cdot1}\le\left(\frac{b+c}{a}+1\right):2=\frac{b+c+a}{2a}\)
=> \(\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c}}\ge\frac{2a}{a+b+c}\) (1)
Tương tự ta có :
\(\sqrt{\frac{b}{a+c}}\ge\frac{2b}{a+b+c}\) (2)
\(\sqrt{\frac{c}{a+b}}\ge\frac{2c}{a+b+c}\) (3)
Cộng vế vs vế (1)(2)(3) ta có:
\(\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{a+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{a+b}}\ge\frac{2a+2b+2c}{a+b+c}=2\)
VT
29 tháng 6 2018
\(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}}=\)\(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{abc}}\)=\(\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}=\)\(|\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}|\)
\(\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}}=\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{\left(-3\right)^2}}\)\(=|\frac{1}{1}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{-3}|=1+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}\)
Tương tự ta có M=\(1+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+1+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+1+\frac{1}{99}-\frac{1}{100}\)=\(98+\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{99}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{100}\right)\)\(=98+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{100}=\frac{9849}{100}\)
NV
Nguyễn Việt Lâm
Giáo viên
8 tháng 6 2020
Đề bài sai, giả sử \(a=0;b=-1;c=4\) thì biểu thức ko xác định
Do đó điều kiện phải là a;b;c là số thực dương
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{a}}+1+\frac{1}{b}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{b}}+1+\frac{1}{c}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{c}}+1\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}-1\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{b}}-1\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{c}}-1\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Vậy BĐT ban đầu đúng
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Điều kiện \(a+b+c=3\) thừa ko biết để làm gì :)
15 tháng 2 2017
1) a. Ta có:\(\frac{x+4}{2008}+\frac{x+3}{2009}=\frac{x+2}{2010}+\frac{x+1}{2011}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x+4}{2008}+1+\frac{x+3}{2009}+1=\frac{x+2}{2010}+1+\frac{x+1}{2011}+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x+4+2008}{2008}+\frac{x+3+2009}{2009}=\frac{x+2+2010}{2010}+\frac{x+1+2011}{2011}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x+2012}{2008}+\frac{x+2012}{2009}=\frac{x+2012}{2010}+\frac{x+2012}{2011}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+2012\right)\left(\frac{1}{2008}+\frac{1}{2009}\right)=\left(x+2012\right)\left(\frac{1}{2010}+\frac{1}{2011}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+2012\right)\left(\frac{1}{2008}+\frac{1}{2009}\right)-\left(x+2012\right)\left(\frac{1}{2010}+\frac{1}{2011}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+2012\right)\left(\frac{1}{2008}+\frac{1}{2009}-\frac{1}{2010}-\frac{1}{2011}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x+2012=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-2012\)
Bài 2:
a.Ta có: \(\frac{x+2y}{18}=\frac{1+4y}{24}\)
\(\Rightarrow24x+48y=18+72y\)
\(\Rightarrow24x+48y-72y=18\)
\(\Rightarrow24x-24y=18\)
\(\Rightarrow24\left(x-y\right)=18\)
\(\Rightarrow x-y=\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow y=x-\frac{3}{4}\)
thay \(y=x-\frac{3}{4}\)vào \(\frac{1+4y}{24}=\frac{1+x+6y}{6x}\)ta được \(\frac{1+4\times\left(x-\frac{3}{4}\right)}{24}=\frac{1+x+6\times\left(x-\frac{3}{4}\right)}{6x}\)
giải ra ta được x=7
\(\Rightarrow y=7-\frac{3}{4}=\frac{25}{4}\)
b. Đẻ A mang giá trị nuyên
\(\Leftrightarrow9+3n⋮n-4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3n-12+21⋮n-4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(n-4\right)+21⋮n-4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow21⋮n-4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n-4\inƯ_{\left(21\right)}=\left\{\pm1;\pm3;\pm7;\pm21\right\}\)
Ta có bảng sau:
| n-4 | 1 | -1 | 3 | -3 | 7 | -7 | 21 |
-21 |
| n | 5 | 4 | 7 | 1 | 11 | -3 | 25 | -17 |
Vậy \(n\in\left\{5;4;7;1;11;-3;25;-17\right\}\)thì A là số nguyên.
Thay n vào A và tính giá trị
\(A=\frac{m-1}{1}+\frac{m-2}{2}+...+\frac{2}{m-2}+\frac{1}{m-1}\)
\(=\frac{m-1}{1}+\frac{m-2}{2}+...+\frac{m-\left(m-2\right)}{m-2}+\frac{m-\left(m-1\right)}{m-1}\)
\(=m+\frac{m}{2}+\frac{m}{3}+...+\frac{m}{m-1}-1-1-...-1\)
\(=m+\frac{m}{2}+\frac{m}{3}+...+\frac{m}{m-1}-\left(m-1\right)\)
\(=\frac{m}{2}+\frac{m}{3}+...+\frac{m}{m-1}+\frac{m}{m}\)
\(=m\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{m}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{A}{B}=m\)