Tìm \(x\inℤ\)để biểu thức sau có giá trị nguyên
\(A=\frac{5}{x^2-3}\)
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a, \(ĐKXĐ:x\ne\pm\frac{1}{5},x\ne\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{\left(5x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}{\left(2x-3\right)\left(5x-1\right)\left(5x+1\right)}-\frac{\left(8-3x\right)\left(5x+1\right)}{\left(5x-1\right)\left(5x+1\right)\left(2x-3\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x+2}{\left(2x-3\right)\left(5x-1\right)}-\frac{8-3x}{\left(5x-1\right)\left(2x-3\right)}\)
\(=\frac{2\left(2x-3\right)}{\left(2x-3\right)\left(5x-1\right)}=\frac{2}{5x-1}\)
b, Để P có giá trị nguyên thì \(2⋮5x-1\)
\(\Rightarrow5x-1\in\left\{1,2,-1,-2\right\}\)
=> x=..............
ĐKXĐ : x \(\ne\frac{3}{2}\) ; \(x\ne\frac{1}{5};x\ne-\frac{1}{5}\)
P= \(\frac{5x+1}{2x-3}.\left(\frac{x+2}{25x^2-1}-\frac{8-3x}{25x^2-1}\right)\)
P= \(\frac{5x-1}{2x-3}.\left(\frac{4x-6}{\left(5x+1\right).\left(5x-1\right)}\right)\)
P= \(\frac{5x-1}{2x-3}.\frac{2\left(2x-3\right)}{\left(5x-1\right)\left(5x+1\right)}\)
P= \(\frac{2}{5x-1}\)
KL
a) \(ĐKXĐ:x\ne-3;x\ne2\)
b) \(P=\frac{\left(x+2\right)\left(x-2\right)}{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-2\right)}-\frac{5}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+3\right)}-\frac{x+3}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+3\right)}\)
\(P=\frac{x^2-4-5-x-3}{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-2\right)}\)
\(P=\frac{x^2-x-12}{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-2\right)}\)
\(P=\frac{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-4\right)}{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-2\right)}\)
vậy \(P=\frac{x-4}{x-2}\)
\(P=\frac{-3}{4}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x-4}{x-2}=\frac{-3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(x-4\right)=-3.\left(x-2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x-16=-3x+6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow7x=22\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{22}{7}\)
c) \(P\in Z\Leftrightarrow\frac{x-4}{x-2}\in Z\)
\(\frac{x-2-6}{x-2}=1-\frac{6}{x-2}\in Z\)
mà \(1\in Z\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)\inƯ\left(6\right)\in\left(\pm1;\pm2;\pm3;\pm6\right)\)
mà theo ĐKXĐ: \(\Rightarrow\in\left(\pm1;-2;3;\pm6\right)\)
thay mấy cái kia vào rồi tìm \(x\)
d) \(x^2-9=0\Rightarrow x^2=9\Rightarrow x=\pm3\)
khi \(x=3\Rightarrow P=\frac{3-4}{3-2}=-1\)
khi \(x=-3\Rightarrow P=\frac{-3-4}{-3-2}=\frac{-7}{-5}=\frac{7}{5}\)
\(đkxđ\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x\ne0\\x\ne\pm2\end{cases}}\)
\(P=\left(\frac{x^2}{x^3-4x}-\frac{10}{5x+10}-\frac{1}{2-x}\right):\)\(\left(x+2+\frac{6-x^2}{x-2}\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{x^2}{x\left(x^2-4\right)}-\frac{10}{5\left(x+2\right)}+\frac{1}{x-2}\right)\)\(:\left(\frac{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}{x-2}+\frac{6-x^2}{x-2}\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{x}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}-\frac{2\left(x-2\right)}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}+\frac{x+2}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}\right)\)\(:\left(\frac{x^2-4+6-x^2}{x-2}\right)\)
\(=\frac{x-2x+4+x+2}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}:\frac{2}{x-2}\)
\(=\frac{6\left(x-2\right)}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right).2}=\frac{3}{x+2}\)
\(b,P\in Z\Leftrightarrow\frac{3}{x+2}\in Z\Rightarrow3\)\(⋮\)\(x+2\Rightarrow x+2\inƯ_3\)
MÀ \(Ư_3=\left\{\pm1;\pm3\right\}\)
TH1 : \(x+2=-1\Rightarrow x=-3\)
Th2 : \(x+2=1\Rightarrow x=-1\)
Th3 : \(x+2=-3\Rightarrow x=-5\)
Th4 : \(x+3=3\Rightarrow x=0\left(ktm\right)\)
Vậy để P có giá trị nguyên thì x thuộc { - 3 ; - 5 ;- 1 }
\(c,P=-1\Leftrightarrow\frac{3}{x+2}=-1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{3}{x+2}=\frac{-1}{1}\Rightarrow3=-1\left(x+2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow-x-2=3\Rightarrow-x=5\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-5\)
Vậy để P = -1 thì x = - 5
\(d,P>0\Leftrightarrow\frac{3}{x+2}>0\)
Vì \(x+2>0\)nên để \(\frac{3}{x+2}>0\)thì \(x+2>0\)
\(\Rightarrow x>-2\)
Vậy để \(P>0\)thì \(x>2\) và \(\hept{\begin{cases}x\ne0\\x\ne2\end{cases}}\)
\(đk\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+2\right)\left(x-2\right)x\ne0\\x+2\ne0\end{cases}< =>x\ne0;x\ne\pm}2\)
P=\(\left(\frac{x}{x^2-4}-\frac{10\left(x-2\right)}{5\left(x+2\right)\left(x-2\right)}+\frac{x+2}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}\right):\)\(\frac{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}{x+2}+\frac{6-x^2}{x+2}\)
=\(\frac{x-2\left(x-2\right)+x+2}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}:\left(\frac{x^2-4+6-x^2}{x+2}\right)\)=\(\frac{6}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}.\frac{x+2}{2}=\frac{3}{x-2}\)
b) P \(\in Z\)<=> x-2=3;x-2=-3;x-2=1;x-2=-1 <=> x=5; x=-1; x=3; x=1 (thỏa mãn điều kiện ban đầu)
c) P=1 <=> x-2=3 <=> x=5 (thỏa mãn điều kiện)
d) P>0 <=> x-3 >=0 <=> x>3 kết hợp với điều kiện ban đầu => x>3
a, A xác định
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^3-19x^2+33x-9\ne0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^3-x^2-18x^2+6x+27x-9\ne0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(3x-1\right)-6x\left(3x-1\right)+9\left(3x-1\right)\ne0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x-1\right)\left(x-3\right)^2\ne0\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x\ne\frac{1}{3}\\x\ne3\end{cases}}\)
b, \(\frac{3x^3-14x^2+3x+36}{3x^2-19x^2+33x-9}=\frac{3x^2\left(x-3\right)-5x\left(x-3\right)-12\left(x-3\right)}{\left(3x-1\right)\left(x-3\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(3x^2-5x-12\right)\left(x-3\right)}{\left(3x-1\right)\left(x-3\right)^2}=\frac{\left(3x+4\right)\left(x-3\right)^2}{\left(3x-1\right)\left(x-3\right)^2}=\frac{3x+4}{3x-1}\)
\(A=0\Leftrightarrow\frac{3x+4}{3x-1}=0\Leftrightarrow3x+4=0\Leftrightarrow x=-\frac{4}{3}\) (thỏa mãn ĐKXĐ)
c, \(A=\frac{3x+4}{3x-1}=1+\frac{5}{3x-1}\in Z\Rightarrow5⋮\left(3x-1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3x-1\inƯ\left(5\right)=\left\{-5;-1;1;5\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{-\frac{4}{3};0;\frac{2}{3};2\right\}\)
Mà \(x\in Z,x\ne\left\{\frac{1}{3};3\right\}\Rightarrow x\in\left\{0;2\right\}\)
Bài của Hùng rất thông minh
Đang định có cách khác mà dài hơn cách Hùng nên thui
^^ 2k5 kết bạn nhé
Ta có: \(A=\frac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x-3}}=\frac{\sqrt{x}-3+1}{\sqrt{x}-3}=1+\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}-3}\)
Để \(A\in Z\)thì \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}-3}\in Z\)
=> \(\sqrt{x}-3\inƯ_{\left(1\right)}\)
=>\(\sqrt{x}-3\in\left(1;-1\right)\)
=>\(\sqrt{x}\in\left(4;2\right)\)
=>\(x\in\left(-2;2\right)\)
Vậy...
ta có \(A=\frac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}-3}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)+5}{\sqrt{x}-3}=\frac{\sqrt{x}-3}{\sqrt{x}-3}-\frac{5}{\sqrt{x}-3}=1-\frac{5}{\sqrt{x}-3}\)
Vì \(1\inℤ\)nên \(A\inℤ\)thì \(\frac{5}{\sqrt{x}-3}\inℤ\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}-3\inƯ_{\left(5\right)}=\left(\pm1;\pm5\right)\)
Bảng
\(\sqrt{x}-3\) | -1 | 1 | -5 | 5 |
\(\sqrt{x}\) | 2(t/m) | 4(t/m) | -2(loại) | 8(t/m) |
VẬy với x=2;x=4;x=8 thì \(A\inℤ\)
\(A=\left(2x+1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)+\dfrac{4}{2x+1}\) (chia đa thức)
Để A nguyên \(\Rightarrow4⋮2x+1\Rightarrow\left(2x+1\right)=\left\{-4;-2;-1;1;2;4\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\left\{-\dfrac{5}{2};-\dfrac{3}{2};-1;0;\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{3}{2}\right\}\)
x thỏa mãn đk đề bài là \(x=\left\{-1;0\right\}\)
Để \(A=\frac{5}{x^2-3}\)có giá trị nguyên thì \(5⋮x^2-3\)hay \(x^2-3\inƯ\left(5\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm5\right\}\)mà \(x^2-3\ge-3\)suy ra \(x^2-3\inƯ\left(5\right)=\left\{\pm1;5\right\}\)
Ta có bảng:
Vậy đáp số của bài toán: \(x\in\left\{\pm2\right\}\)
Ư(5)={\(\pm1;\pm5\)} mới đúng